${?}_{{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_h\text{a}\text{v}\text{e}\text{s}\text{o}\text{m}\text{e}limitationsin\text{p}\text{e}\text{r}\text{f}\text{o}\text{r}\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{h}\text{a}\text{s}\text{h}\text{i}\text{n}\text{g}\text{,}\text{h}\text{o}\text{w}\text{e}\text{v}\text{e}\text{r}\text{,}sousing\text{a}\text{d}\text{v}\text{a}\text{n}\text{c}\text{e}\text{d}{?}_{?}{?}_{{?}_{?}}{?}_{i}s\text{n}\text{e}\text{c}\text{e}\text{s}\text{s}\text{a}\text{r}\text{y}to\text{e}\text{n}\text{s}\text{u}\text{r}\text{e}\text{d}\text{a}\text{t}\text{a}\text{i}\text{n}\text{t}\text{e}\text{g}\text{r}\text{i}\text{t}\text{y}\text{.}}$

$a.$ Digital forensics tools, hexadecimal editors

$b.HTML$ editors, hexadecimal editors

$c.$ Hexadecimal editors, digital forensics tools

$d.$ High$-$level languages, assembler