Hand-signature condition: (M = 12.89, SD = 3.98), t (27) = - 0.14, p = 0.88

E-signature: (M = 14.97, SD = 5.05), t (30) = 2.17, p = 0.03

How would you interpret the single-sample t test results for the participants who provided an e-signature?

a. The mean, 14.97, was statistically significantly higher than the expected mean (the population mean) of 13, so we have evidence about the participants in this sample cheated and told experimenters they scored higher, on average, than their actual score.

b. The mean was higher than the expected mean (the population mean) of 13, but the difference was not statistically significant, so we don't have enough evidence that participants were honest about their roll score.

c. The mean was lower than the expected mean (the population mean) of 13, so participants likely gave a score lower than the actual role.

d. The mean was higher than the expected mean (the population mean) of 13; the difference was not statistically significant but does not provide evidence they participants may have cheated.