Happy Pineapples Corporation grows pineapples in Hawaii. Suppose there is an insect in the soil that spoils 60% of the produce of Happy Pineapples in 2020.

Does each of the following represent a direct loss or an indirect loss for Happy Pineapples Corporation?

1. Happy Pineapples Corporation develops a bad reputation because of the problem in its soil. Supermarkets buy less and less of the produce of Happy Pineapples. So Happy Pineapples decides to increase its advertising to attract more customers. ___________________

2. Happy Pineapples revenue is reduced by 60% in 2020. This causes a negative cash flow for 2020. Happy Pineapples makes losses in 2020. ___________________

3. Happy Pineapples decides to reduce its price by 15%, to encourage supermarkets to buy its pineapples. ___________________

4. In December 2020, Happy Pineapples requests a new loan from Alpha Bank. Alpha Bank gives Happy Pineapples the loan at a 15% interest rate. In December 2019 Alpha Bank had given Happy Pineapples a loan at a 10% interest rate. ___________________