have a low regard for high ethical standards, adopt accounting principles that make financial performance look better than it really is, spend lots of time on political maneuvering to maintain the status quo, and are highly averse to borrowing money to fund growth initiatives. are skeptical about rushing to adjust the company's strategy or competitive approach whenever new market developments occur and/or when rival companies launch bold strategic actions, have little appetite for being first-movers, and prefer to adopt a wait-and- see posture before moving forward cautiously with initiatives deemed safe. place high importance on consensus decision-making and traditional core values, neglect what customers are saying and how their needs and expectations are changing, avoid recruiting people who can offer fresh thinking and outside perspectives, engage in managerial inbreeding, and often have many warring subcultures within the company. are typically run by empire-building managers who are not committed to hig