Health Care Research & Statistics Choosing Statistical Tests Assignment 11A-2 Instructions: For each problem indicate the hypotheses and the statistical test that you would use to analyze the data. 1. An educator believes that new directed reading activities in the classroom will help elementary school pupils improve some aspects of their reading ability. She arranges for a third-grade class of 21 students to take part in these activities for an eight-week period. A control classroom of 22 third-graders follows the same curriculum without the activities. At the end of the eight weeks, all students are given a Degree of Reading Power (DRP) test which measures the aspects of reading ability that the treatment is designed to improve. 2. An investigator wishes to determine if there are any differences in the level of blood pressure as a function of whether the person is sitting upright in a chair or lying down on a bed. The investigator decides to use each of 10 patients as his or her own control and collects systolic blood pressure data in both the sitting and lying positions. 3. We are interested in the relationship between carbon monoxide concentrations and density of cars in a particular area of Riverside. For a particular street corner on 20 different days, we measure carbon monoxide levels and the number of cars per hour. 4. Suppose we conduct a study to examine the efficacy of two drugs for treatment of TB. We randomly assign subjects to three treatments: Drug A; Drug B (low dose) and Drug B (high dose) and record responses as: (1) positive smear, (2) negative smear, positive culture, and (3) negative smear, negative culture. 5. Newborn blood pressures are affected by gestational age, day of life the blood pressure is measured and birthweight. We wish to determine the relationship between each of these variables and blood pressure. 6. During plastic surgery to the head, neck, or upper trunk, it is inconvenient for the anesthetist to record the patient's blood pressure from a cuff on the arm . A study was designed to investigate whether blood pressure as measured in the arm could usefully be predicted from measurements made on the patient's leg. Systolic blood pressure measurements were simultaneously measured in the arm and leg of 38 patients. 7. A sample of 15 patients suffering from asthma participated in an experiment to study the effect of a new treatment on pulmonary function. Among the measurements recorded were those of forced expiratory volume in liters in a second (FEV 1) before and after application of the treatment. The researchers are interested in finding out whether the treatment is effective in increasing the FEV1 level. 8. In a certain neighborhood, persons were questioned regarding their opinion on a certain issue (for or against) and their education level (Less than 8th grade, 8-11th grade, High School graduate, College graduate). Is there a relationship between education level and opinion on the issue