1. Hearing about your expertise an administrator comes to you.He is conducting a school-wide study to determine the extent to which students in four programs in the School of Education (SOE) differ in their perceptions that the SOE, based on the programs offered, prepare them to work with diverse populations. The programs of interest are: the 'Race and ethnicity invited speaker series, web tutorials on cultural differences and similarities, field placement in urban and rural settings, and the river-walk beautification program. His sample comprises four randomly selected groups of teacher education, school counseling, school psychology, and program evaluation students. He remembers something about p = .05, but has had basic statistics in the years prior to your birth.He wants to know what to do.Some of his questions are:

1. What analysis or analyses must I run?
2. How do I determine my sample size and approximately how many subjects do I need?
3. What are my independent and dependent variables? Please label appropriately.
4. Do I include all my variables in the same analysis, and if not, based on criteria, which variable or variables must I omit or, might need to be analyzed separately?

2.He is grateful for your advice.He collects his data and has his assistant put it into SPSS.You get an e-mail from his assistant; "OMG! My boss asked me about testing a null and something about assumptions. I do not assume anything. Please tell me what he is talking about."

a.What null or nulls am I testing?

b.What are the assumptions and how do I test for them?

c.He said something about violating assumptions. I am a good person, I think. I don't do violations. What do I do if the assumptions are violated?

d.He also talked about skew or skewness and said that could be a problem if the data are skewed. Is it always a problem, what criteria do I use and what can I do if data are skewed? Please EXPLAIN.