Heavy Keele Ltd. (HK) has a long-standing reputation as a manufacturer of quality sailboats. HK currently produces two different models of sailboat from a single production facility the HK41 and the HK49. The past several years have seen a 25% decline in demand for HK's sailboats and a significant increase in interest within the boating community for motor vessels. Given this shift in attitudes, HK is now considering a proposal to introduce a motor vessel into its product line the HKMV55.

If the proposal is accepted, senior management has decided to restructure the firm into two separate divisions for operational purposes the Sailboat division and the Motor Vessel division. Under the proposal, all current personnel will remain with the Sailboat division and the senior management team will remain unchanged. For accounting purposes, however, the $2 million annual cost of the senior management team will be allocated equally between the two divisions.

HK will then seek an entire new management team to oversee the Motor Vessel division. Management has also decided that the new division should operate out of its own production facility. It can be built on the block of land adjacent to the current facility that HK already owns. Senior management has decided that the appropriate planning horizon for the proposed new Motor Vessel division is 10 years. You work in the controller's office of HK and have been asked to perform a series of analyses on this proposal. To facilitate your analysis, you have been provided with the Motor Vessel division's projected income statements over the next 10 years, as well as the following information.

Capital expenditures

The block of land on which the new production facility will be built was purchased by HK three years ago at a cost of $2.5 million. It has a current market value of $3 million, and it is expected that the value of the land will remain at $3 million when the project is complete.

Management expects that the production facility will cost $10 million to build. It has an estimated useful life of 20 years and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to an estimated salvage value of $1 million for accounting purposes. It belongs to an asset class with a CCA rate of 7.5%. At the end of the 10-year planning horizon, the facility will have an estimated market value of $3 million. The building qualifies for the Accelerated Investment Incentive, and 1.5 times the CCA can be taken in the year of acquisition. At the end of the planning horizon, assume that there is still a positive balance remaining in the class after the deduction of the proceeds.

The new equipment required for the production of the HKMV55 will cost $7 million and has an estimated useful life of 10 years. For accounting purposes, this equipment will also be depreciated on a straight-line basis. It belongs to an asset class with a CCA rate of 10% and has an estimated salvage value of $500,000 at the end of its useful life. The equipment qualifies for the Accelerated Investment Incentive, and 1.5 times the CCA can be taken in the year of acquisition. At the end of the planning horizon, assume that there is still a positive balance remaining in the class after the deduction of the proceeds. The new Motor Vessel division requires an initial investment in net working capital of $750,000. Operating revenues and expenses, and working capital accounts

Data from the divisional pro forma operating income statements (see Appendix): o Gross revenues are projected to be $12.5 million in the first three years of operation and $18 million from Year 4 onward. o Cost of goods sold (COGS) is expected to be 56% of sales in the first three years and then decline to 50% of sales from Year 4 onward. o The general and administrative costs are expected to be constant at $2.95 million per year over the 10-year planning horizon. Administrative costs include the allocation of senior management costs; the remainder of these costs relate directly to the new Motor Vessel division and are paid in cash when due.

HK requires its customers to make a 15% deposit at the time of order and pay the balance at the time of delivery. The average lag between the time of order and delivery is two months. Sales occur uniformly throughout the year.

HK has a policy of keeping a cash balance throughout the year equal to 2.5% of expected sales for the year, and an inventory balance throughout the year equal to 25% of expected COGS for the year. The cash balance is essentially funded by the required customer deposits and is invested in marketable securities at an average rate of 0.5%. HK's suppliers currently offer terms of 1/10, net 60 on all purchases. Capital structure

HK's capital structure consists of a single long-term debt issue with a face value of $20 million and 2 million common shares with a current market price of $15 per share.

The long-term debt issue carries a coupon rate of 5% with interest paid semi-annually. It has eight years remaining until maturity and a current market yield of 6%, also based on semi-annual compounding.

The common shares have a beta of 1.15. HK paid a dividend of $0.95 per share in its most recently completed financial year. Analysts believe these dividends will grow at an average annual rate of 3% for the foreseeable future. The current risk-free interest rate is 2.5%, and the market price of risk is 6%.

Recent discussions with HK's investment banker have indicated that flotation costs would be 7% before tax on any new issue of common shares and 4% after tax on any new issue of long-term debt.

General corporate information

HK's corporate tax rate is 32%

. Senior management has determined that 12% is the appropriate discount rate to use in evaluating the proposal to expand its operations to motor vessels.

Question 1

When the financial executive estimates the cash flows of a project for a capital budgeting analysis, there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding the estimates. For example, the realized cash flows depend on a number of factors internal and external to the firm, such as continuing sources of supply and the size and composition of the market for the firm's product. In this context, explain what scenario analysis is and how it can assist the financial executive in capital budgeting analysis.

Question 2

Based on the net present value (NPV) method, should HK expand into the production of motor vessels?

Question 3

Assume that HK has the option of leasing the new equipment for a 10-year period at annual payments of $1,000,000 at the beginning of the year, and that it can borrow from its bank at an after-tax interest rate of 4.1%. a) Should HK lease or purchase the equipment?

b) Why is the cost of borrowing the appropriate discount rate for use in a purchase or lease decision?

Question 4

Given its stated working capital policies, HK has determined that the average balances in its working capital accounts for Year 1 should be as follows:

Cash 312,500

Accounts receivable 0

Inventory 1,750,000

Accounts payable 1,000,000

On the basis of these estimates, calculate HK's cash conversion cycle for Year 1.

Question 5

Because of the scale of the proposed Motor Vessel division development and the relatively modest returns projected for the division over its first three years, HK's bank has indicated that it intends to raise the interest rate it charges on HK's line of credit from 7% to 8%. Explain whether HK should change its approach to paying its suppliers if the bank raises this rate assuming that HK currently takes advantage of supplier discounts.

Question 6

HK currently requires customers to make a 15% cash deposit when they place their order and pay the balance in cash when they take delivery of their boat. HK's senior management has just completed a review of the firm's credit policies in the context of entering the motor vessel market. On the basis of this review, the executive intends to recommend to senior management that the deposit be raised to 25% for sales of motor vessels but retained at 15% for sailboats, while still requiring the balance in cash at the time of delivery.

a) Describe, in general terms, what a firm's credit policies are, and identify the four specific factors that guide their development.

b) Assume that HK intends to keep its cash balance at 2.5% of the year's projected sales and it is charged 8% interest by its bank on its revolving line of credit. How much will the available incremental cash increase by in the first year, and how will it benefit the firm if it isn't being retained as cash? Use calculations to quantify and support your answer.

APPENDIX PROFOROMA OPERATING INCOME STATEMENTS Years 1 to 3 Year 4 to 10 Sales revenue $ 12,500,000.00 $ 18,000,000.00 Cost of Goods Sold $ (7,000,000.00) $ (9,000,000.00) Gross Profit $ 5,500,000.00 $ 9,000,000.00 General and administrative exp $ (2,950,000.00) $ (2,950,000.00) Depreciation $ (1,100,000.00) $ (1,100,000.00) Operating income $ 1,450,000.00 $ 4,950,000.00 APPENDIX PROFOROMA OPERATING INCOME STATEMENTS Years 1 to 3 Year 4 to 10 Sales revenue $ 12,500,000.00 $ 18,000,000.00 Cost of Goods Sold $ (7,000,000.00) $ (9,000,000.00) Gross Profit $ 5,500,000.00 $ 9,000,000.00 General and administrative exp $ (2,950,000.00) $ (2,950,000.00) Depreciation $ (1,100,000.00) $ (1,100,000.00) Operating income $ 1,450,000.00 $ 4,950,000.00