Hello, I am in need of assistance with the following arguments.

Provide answers to the following:

1. Suppose there is a positive association between height and IQ score in a given sample at a particular time. Suppose it is not simply a coincidence. What are the simplest possible causal relations between these two factors?Explain
2. Suppose you know the probability that someone who is pregnant will get a positive result on a pregnancy test. Does that information tell you the probability that someone who tests positive on the test is pregnant? Explain.

Thank you in advance!