Hello, I would need access to the document of the experiment on the EMF simulation. (including the two graphs, analysis and evaluation and conclusion) plus checkingifalltheotherinformationiscorrect.Thankyousomuch! EMF Phet DC circuit simulation

Aim:to measure the internal resistance of a battery the PD across the terminals

Introduction

To measure the internal resistance of a battery the PD across the terminals needs to be measured as current flows, in this practical the current is varied by changing the length of a piece of nichrome resistance wire connected across the terminals.

Hypothesis: as the length of the resistance wire increases, the PD of the circuit will decrease

Theory

The circuit can be represented by the diagram below, where R represents the resistance wire and r the internal resistance of the battery.

The equation for this circuit is = IR + Ir

Rearranging this gives R = /I - r

Alternatively we can write IR = -Ir +

Background Information:Anelectromagnetic field (alsoEM field orEMF) is a classical field produced by moving electric charges. It is the field described by classical electrodynamics (a classical field theory) and is the classical counterpart to the quantized electromagneticfield tensor in quantum electrodynamics (a quantum field theory). The electromagnetic field propagates at the speed of light (in fact, this field can be identifiedas light) and interacts with charges and currents. Its quantum counterpart is one of the four fundamental forces of nature (the others are gravitation, weak interaction and strong interaction.

The field can be viewed as the combination of an electric field and a magnetic field. The electric field is produced by stationary charges, and the magnetic field by moving charges (electric currents); these two are often described as the sources of the field. The way in which charges and currents interact with the electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equation (which also describes how time-varying fields can produce other fields, and explains why electromagnetic radiation doesn't need any medium for propagation) and the Lorentz force law.

Variables:

Dependent:Potential difference (V), measured by a voltmeter that gives different results for every time the length of the resistance wire is changed

-current (A), measured by an ammeter that gives different results for every time the length of the resistance wire is changed.

Independent:the independent variable is the length of the resistance wire (cm) which was represented by the amount of resistors connected in series, where each resistor had a resistance of 1 ohm. The length was changed by adding an extra resistor each time, going from a minimum of 1 resistor (5 cm wire), to a mass of 6 resistors (30cm wire).

Controlled:internal resistance and voltage of the battery since they are kept the same during the experiment

-resistance wire and so the resistors connected in series all had the same resistance (1 ohm)

-the wire resistivity set to tiny, since it was never changed during the experiment to avoid that a change in wire resistivity could have influenced the readings for the current and the potential difference.

Safety:

There are no safety issues concerning this experiment.

Method

This method assumes you only have one multimeter so can't measure the PD and current at the same time, however if you have 2 then you can adapt the method to save time.

• Attach a 30cm length of resistance wire to a plastic ruler with some sticky tape.
• Set the multimeter to measure resistance and measure the resistance of 30cm of the wire.
• Move one of the contacts 5cm along the wire and measure the resistance again, in this way fill in a table of resistance and length like the one below.

Number of resistors	Resistance/
1	1
2	2
3	3
4	4
5	5
6	6

• Connect the circuit shown in the diagram above including the multimeter set to measure current to measure the current flowing through R.
• Measure the current flowing through for each length of the resistance wire. Enter the currents in your table.
• Disconnect the meter and connect it as a voltmeter to measure the PD across R.
• Measure the PD across R for each length of the wire. Again enter your values into the table. You should now have 4 columns.
• Estimate the uncertainties in each measurement and enter into the headers of the table.

Number of resistors	Resistance/	Current/A	PD/V
1.00	1.00	0.50	0.50
2.00	2.00	0.50	1.00
3.00	3.00	0.50	1.50
4.00	4.00	0.50	2.00
5.00	5.00	0.50	2.50
6.00	6.00	0.42	2.50

Error, talk about errors if it was real

Analysis

According to the theory R = /I - r so a graph of R vs 1/I should be a straight line with gradient and intercept -r. Calculate values of 1/I in your spreadsheet then plot the relevant graph to find and r.

An alternative version of the equation is IR = -Ir + where IR = V, the PD across the resistance wire (also equal to the PD across the terminals of the battery). Plot a graph of V vs I to find and r.

Conclusion and evaluation

The lab simulation gave a more precise result since the experiment has been investigated through an electronic device (so there are no random errors present in the collection of data), the only possible error would be a systematic error of the simulation site. otherwise the manual method would have had

What effect did the meters have on your measurements?

References:

Tsokos, K. A. (2014).Physics for the Ib diploma. Cambridge University Press.