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Please assist me in answering the following questions. There are six tabs on this excel, each tab being a different question. I have already completed the first tab. Please show your work in any question that it is applicable to do so.

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M13-14 Financial and Managerial Accounting Indicate whether each phrase is more descriptive of financial accounting or managerial accounting Financial Accounting a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. May be subjective Often used to state corporate goals Typically prepared quarterly or annually may measure time or customer satisfaction Future oriented Has a greater emphasis on cost-benefit analysis Keeps records of assets and liablities Highly aggregated statements Must conform to external standards Special-purpose reports Decision-making tool Income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows x x x x x x counting Managerial Accounting x x x x x x M13-15 Missions, Goals, and Strategies Identify each of the following as a mission, goal, or strategy Mission a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Budget time for study, sleep, and relaxation Provide shelter for the homeless Provide an above-average return to investors Protect the public Locate fire stations so that the average response time is less than five minutes Overlap police patrols so that there are always police cars on major thoroughfares Achieve a 12 percent market share Lower prices and costs Select the most scenic route to drive between Las Vegas and Denver Graduate from College Goal Stragtegy MA14-29 Negative Fixed Costs "This is crazy!" exclaimed the production supervisor as he reviewed the work of his new assistant. "You and that computer are telling me that my fixed costs are negative! Tell me, how did you get these negative fixed costs, and what am I supposed to do with them?" Required Explain to the supervisor the meaning of the negative "fixed costs" and what can be done with them. MA14-30 Significance of High R-Squared Mark Adams had always been suspicious of "newfangled mathematical stuff," and the most recent suggestion of his new assistant merely confirmed his belief that schools are putting a lot of useless junk in students' heads. It seems that after an extensive analysis of historical data, the assistant suggested that the number of pounds of scrap was the best basis for predicting manufacturing overhead. In response to Mr. Adams's rage, the slightly intimidated assistant indicated that of the 35 equations he tried, pounds of scrap had the highest coefficient of determination with manufacturing overhead. Required Comment on Mr. Adam's reaction. Is it justified? Is it likely that the number of pounds of scrap is a good basis for predicting manufacturing overhead? Is it a feasible basis for predicting manufacturing overhead? M15-11 Profitability Analysis Assume a local Cost Cutters provides cuts, perms, and hairstyling services. Annual fixed costs are $120,000, and variable costs are 40 percent of sales revenue. Last year's revenues totaled $250,000. Required a. Determine its break-even point in sales dollars b. Determine last year's marigin of safety in sales dollars c. Determine the sales volume required for an annual profit of $80,000 MA15-39 Ethics and Pressure to Improve Profit Plans Art Conroy is the assistant controller of New City Muffler, Inc., a subsidiary of New City Automotive, which manufactures tailpipes, mufflers, and catalytic converters at several plants throughout North America. Because of pressure to lower selling prices, New City Muffler has had disappointing financial performances in recent years. Indeed, Conroy is aware of rumblings from corporate headquarters threatening to close the plant. One of Conroy's responsibilities is to present the plant's financial plans for the coming year to the corporate officers and board of directors. In preparing for the presentation, Conroy was intrigued to note that the focal point in the budget presentation was a profit-volume graph projecting an increase in profits and a reduction in the break-even point. Curious as to how the improvement would be accomplished, Conroy ultimately spoke with Paula Mitchell, the plant manager. Mitchell indicated that a planned increase in productivity would reduce variable costs and increase the contribution margin ratio. When asked how the productivity increase would be accomplished, Mitchell made a vauge reference to increasing the speed of the assembly line. Conroy commented that speeding up the assembly line could lead to labor problems because the speed of the line was set by union contract. Mitchell responded that she was afraid that if the speedup were opened to negotiation, the union would make a big "stink" that could result in the plant being closed. She indicated that the speedup was the "only way to save the plant, our jobs, and the jobs of all plant employees." Besides, she did not believe employees would notice a 2 or 3 percent increase in speed. Mitchell concluded the meeting observing, "You need to emphasize the results we will accomplish next ear, not the details of how we will accomplish those results. Top management does not want to be bored with details. If we accomplish what we propose in the budget, we will be in for a big bonus." Required What advice would you have for Art Conroy? M13-14 Financial and Managerial Accounting Indicate whether each phrase is more descriptive of financial accounting or managerial accounting Financial Accounting a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. May be subjective Often used to state corporate goals Typically prepared quarterly or annually may measure time or customer satisfaction Future oriented Has a greater emphasis on cost-benefit analysis Keeps records of assets and liablities Highly aggregated statements Must conform to external standards Special-purpose reports Decision-making tool Income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows x x x x x x counting Managerial Accounting x x x x x x M13-15 Missions, Goals, and Strategies Identify each of the following as a mission, goal, or strategy Mission a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Budget time for study, sleep, and relaxation Provide shelter for the homeless Provide an above-average return to investors Protect the public Locate fire stations so that the average response time is less than five minutes Overlap police patrols so that there are always police cars on major thoroughfares Achieve a 12 percent market share Lower prices and costs Select the most scenic route to drive between Las Vegas and Denver Graduate from College x x x x Goal x x x x x Stragtegy x MA14-29 Negative Fixed Costs "This is crazy!" exclaimed the production supervisor as he reviewed the work of his new assistant. "You and that computer are telling me that my fixed costs are negative! Tell me, how did you get these negative fixed costs, and what am I supposed to do with them?" Required Explain to the supervisor the meaning of the negative "fixed costs" and what can be done with them. The negative "fixed costs" cannot consider as real fixed cost and raise questions like there is some problem in total costs at the high point or at the low point which does not represent the real fixed cost. Now, it is required to focus on plotting or graph the points of activities and their related costs for using the high-low method. Now, there will be some negative results which not represent therefore, should plot data or exclude the data at the highest level and then recalculate for getting the rea Additionally, there is need to recalculate the variable cost rate by dividing the change in the total costs. Reference What happens when the high-low method ends up with a negative amount?. Retrieved from https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/high-low-method MA14-30 Significance of High R-Squared Mark Adams had always been suspicious of "newfangled mathematical stuff," and the most recent suggestion of his new assistant merely confirmed his belief that schools are putting a lot of useless junk in students' heads. It seems that after an extensive analysis of historical data, the assistant suggested that the number of pounds of scrap was the best basis for predicting manufacturing overhead. In response to Mr. Adams's rage, the slightly intimidated assistant indicated that of the 35 equations he tried, pounds of scrap had the highest coefficient of determination with manufacturing overhead. Required Comment on Mr. Adam's reaction. Is it justified? Is it likely that the number of pounds of scrap is a good basis for predicting manufacturing overhead? Is it a feasible basis for predicting manufacturing overhead? Mr. Adam's reaction can recognize as appropriate for the situation because it is possible that the assistant might engaged in performing random search for a high R-squared, and performed testing however, there is no logical relationship could find. If appropriate random relationships are tested then high value for R-square can be found but it's all hypothesis therefore, they should perform relationship testing based on independent data. Hence, can say, pounds of scrap can have a high R-squared with manufacturing overhead but it cannot consider as feasible basis for getting the value of manufacturing overhead. It causes predictions of overhead that may require two steps two remove these causes of production. M15-11 Profitability Analysis Assume a local Cost Cutters provides cuts, perms, and hairstyling services. Annual fixed costs are $120,000, and variable costs are 40 percent of sales revenue. Last year's revenues totaled $250,000. Fixed Cost $120,000 Sales Price $250,000 Variable Cost $100,000.0 Required a. Determine its break-even point in sales dollars Break even points in Units = Fixed Cost/(Sales Price per unit - Variable cost per unit) 0.8 Break even points in dollars = Sales Price per unit*Break even points in Units Therefore, Break even points in dollars $200,000.00 b. Determine last year's marigin of safety in sales dollars Margin of safety = Actual Sales - Break even points in dollars Therefore, Margin of safety $50,000.00 c. Determine the sales volume required for an annual profit of $80,000 Contribution Margin = Sales price - Total Variable Cost Contribution Margin $150,000.0 Required Sales = (fixed costs + target net profit) Contribution margin Required Sales Units 1.3333333333 Sales in dollars $333,333.33 MA15-39 Ethics and Pressure to Improve Profit Plans Art Conroy is the assistant controller of New City Muffler, Inc., a subsidiary of New City Automotive, which manufactures tailpipes, mufflers, and catalytic converters at several plants throughout North America. Because of pressure to lower selling prices, New City Muffler has had disappointing financial performances in recent years. Indeed, Conroy is aware of rumblings from corporate headquarters threatening to close the plant. One of Conroy's responsibilities is to present the plant's financial plans for the coming year to the corporate officers and board of directors. In preparing for the presentation, Conroy was intrigued to note that the focal point in the budget presentation was a profit-volume graph projecting an increase in profits and a reduction in the break-even point. Curious as to how the improvement would be accomplished, Conroy ultimately spoke with Paula Mitchell, the plant manager. Mitchell indicated that a planned increase in productivity would reduce variable costs and increase the contribution margin ratio. When asked how the productivity increase would be accomplished, Mitchell made a vauge reference to increasing the speed of the assembly line. Conroy commented that speeding up the assembly line could lead to labor problems because the speed of the line was set by union contract. Mitchell responded that she was afraid that if the speedup were opened to negotiation, the union would make a big "stink" that could result in the plant being closed. She indicated that the speedup was the "only way to save the plant, our jobs, and the jobs of all plant employees." Besides, she did not believe employees would notice a 2 or 3 percent increase in speed. Mitchell concluded the meeting observing, "You need to emphasize the results we will accomplish next ear, not the details of how we will accomplish those results. Top management does not want to be bored with details. If we accomplish what we propose in the budget, we will be in for a big bonus." Required What advice would you have for Art Conroy? Conroy can look for the option of negotiation but for this option, she has to contact with union so that to fix a price for 2-3% increase in productivity speed for which she should first discuss the current issues which may lead the plant closing that would affect union as well as New City Muffler. So, better for union and Company to look forward for speeding up the productivity which will allow them with increasing productivity to save variable cost so that Company can make some profit. In negotiation proposal for union, company should consider to share profits if they earn after increasing productivity which would allow union to get high benefits on high risks and Company would become able to reduce costing under the business ethics regulations which can allow it to run its business for next 2-3 years. M13-14 Financial and Managerial Accounting Indicate whether each phrase is more descriptive of financial accounting or managerial accounting Financial Accounting a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. May be subjective Often used to state corporate goals Typically prepared quarterly or annually may measure time or customer satisfaction Future oriented Has a greater emphasis on cost-benefit analysis Keeps records of assets and liablities Highly aggregated statements Must conform to external standards Special-purpose reports Decision-making tool Income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows x x x x x x counting Managerial Accounting x x x x x x M13-15 Missions, Goals, and Strategies Identify each of the following as a mission, goal, or strategy Mission a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. Budget time for study, sleep, and relaxation Provide shelter for the homeless Provide an above-average return to investors Protect the public Locate fire stations so that the average response time is less than five minutes Overlap police patrols so that there are always police cars on major thoroughfares Achieve a 12 percent market share Lower prices and costs Select the most scenic route to drive between Las Vegas and Denver Graduate from College x x x x Goal x x x x x Stragtegy x MA14-29 Negative Fixed Costs "This is crazy!" exclaimed the production supervisor as he reviewed the work of his new assistant. "You and that computer are telling me that my fixed costs are negative! Tell me, how did you get these negative fixed costs, and what am I supposed to do with them?" Required Explain to the supervisor the meaning of the negative "fixed costs" and what can be done with them. The negative "fixed costs" cannot consider as real fixed cost and raise questions like there is some problem in total costs at the high point or at the low point which does not represent the real fixed cost. Now, it is required to focus on plotting or graph the points of activities and their related costs for using the high-low method. Now, there will be some negative results which not represent therefore, should plot data or exclude the data at the highest level and then recalculate for getting the rea Additionally, there is need to recalculate the variable cost rate by dividing the change in the total costs. Reference What happens when the high-low method ends up with a negative amount?. Retrieved from https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/high-low-method MA14-30 Significance of High R-Squared Mark Adams had always been suspicious of "newfangled mathematical stuff," and the most recent suggestion of his new assistant merely confirmed his belief that schools are putting a lot of useless junk in students' heads. It seems that after an extensive analysis of historical data, the assistant suggested that the number of pounds of scrap was the best basis for predicting manufacturing overhead. In response to Mr. Adams's rage, the slightly intimidated assistant indicated that of the 35 equations he tried, pounds of scrap had the highest coefficient of determination with manufacturing overhead. Required Comment on Mr. Adam's reaction. Is it justified? Is it likely that the number of pounds of scrap is a good basis for predicting manufacturing overhead? Is it a feasible basis for predicting manufacturing overhead? Mr. Adam's reaction can recognize as appropriate for the situation because it is possible that the assistant might engaged in performing random search for a high R-squared, and performed testing however, there is no logical relationship could find. If appropriate random relationships are tested then high value for R-square can be found but it's all hypothesis therefore, they should perform relationship testing based on independent data. Hence, can say, pounds of scrap can have a high R-squared with manufacturing overhead but it cannot consider as feasible basis for getting the value of manufacturing overhead. It causes predictions of overhead that may require two steps two remove these causes of production. M15-11 Profitability Analysis Assume a local Cost Cutters provides cuts, perms, and hairstyling services. Annual fixed costs are $120,000, and variable costs are 40 percent of sales revenue. Last year's revenues totaled $250,000. Fixed Cost $120,000 Sales Price $250,000 Variable Cost $100,000.0 Required a. Determine its break-even point in sales dollars Break even points in Units = Fixed Cost/(Sales Price per unit - Variable cost per unit) 0.8 Break even points in dollars = Sales Price per unit*Break even points in Units Therefore, Break even points in dollars $200,000.00 b. Determine last year's marigin of safety in sales dollars Margin of safety = Actual Sales - Break even points in dollars Therefore, Margin of safety $50,000.00 c. Determine the sales volume required for an annual profit of $80,000 Contribution Margin = Sales price - Total Variable Cost Contribution Margin $150,000.0 Required Sales = (fixed costs + target net profit) Contribution margin Required Sales Units 1.3333333333 Sales in dollars $333,333.33 MA15-39 Ethics and Pressure to Improve Profit Plans Art Conroy is the assistant controller of New City Muffler, Inc., a subsidiary of New City Automotive, which manufactures tailpipes, mufflers, and catalytic converters at several plants throughout North America. Because of pressure to lower selling prices, New City Muffler has had disappointing financial performances in recent years. Indeed, Conroy is aware of rumblings from corporate headquarters threatening to close the plant. One of Conroy's responsibilities is to present the plant's financial plans for the coming year to the corporate officers and board of directors. In preparing for the presentation, Conroy was intrigued to note that the focal point in the budget presentation was a profit-volume graph projecting an increase in profits and a reduction in the break-even point. Curious as to how the improvement would be accomplished, Conroy ultimately spoke with Paula Mitchell, the plant manager. Mitchell indicated that a planned increase in productivity would reduce variable costs and increase the contribution margin ratio. When asked how the productivity increase would be accomplished, Mitchell made a vauge reference to increasing the speed of the assembly line. Conroy commented that speeding up the assembly line could lead to labor problems because the speed of the line was set by union contract. Mitchell responded that she was afraid that if the speedup were opened to negotiation, the union would make a big "stink" that could result in the plant being closed. She indicated that the speedup was the "only way to save the plant, our jobs, and the jobs of all plant employees." Besides, she did not believe employees would notice a 2 or 3 percent increase in speed. Mitchell concluded the meeting observing, "You need to emphasize the results we will accomplish next ear, not the details of how we will accomplish those results. Top management does not want to be bored with details. If we accomplish what we propose in the budget, we will be in for a big bonus." Required What advice would you have for Art Conroy? Conroy can look for the option of negotiation but for this option, she has to contact with union so that to fix a price for 2-3% increase in productivity speed for which she should first discuss the current issues which may lead the plant closing that would affect union as well as New City Muffler. So, better for union and Company to look forward for speeding up the productivity which will allow them with increasing productivity to save variable cost so that Company can make some profit. In negotiation proposal for union, company should consider to share profits if they earn after increasing productivity which would allow union to get high benefits on high risks and Company would become able to reduce costing under the business ethics regulations which can allow it to run its business for next 2-3 years