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quantitative physiology

respiratory system

4. (2) Shunt fraction as calculated in problem 2 is a common clinical explanation for poor patient oxygenation. Shown below are oxygen concentrations C in L/L. Assume %Sat=C/Hb. The pictured shunt could be within (intrapulmonary) or outside the lungs. Both are possible and affect gas exchange in the same way. A) Calculate %Sat for CaO2=0.2 L/L and B) %Sat for Catot calculated by mass balance for O2 at the total output. The lowest %Sat corresponds to a shunt fraction of 1.0 and a %Sat =70% corresponding to CVO2. %Sat can be measured with an oximeter. The main assumption made is venous blood concentration then SF=1-(%Sat-70)/30 can be used to estimate SF Q=4.5 L/min Q=4.5 L/min C102=0.2 LL Lungs CVO2=.146 L/L Catot=? Otot=6 L/min Otot=6 L/min Hb=.208 L/L Qs=1.5 L/min 5.)(4) The following data is collected for the single breath DLCO test: Barometric pressure is 23.33 inches Hg (Mexico City 2241 meter altitude) ), ambient temperature=20 deg C, relative humidity 50%, body temperature is 37 deg C The subject starts at residual volume and inspires 4 liters (ATPS, ambient temperature and pressure-saturated with water vapor) to total lung capacity a gas =mixture with 14% helium,0.3% carbon monoxide, 21% oxygen, and balance nitrogen. There is a 10 second breath-hold followed by a rapid exhalation where expired breath reaches a plateau indicating 9 % helium and 0.095% carbon monoxide. Calculate : A.) (1) VI (inspired volume) in STPD B) (1) Lung volume VA in STPD C)(1) Initial condition FACO(t=0) D) (1) DLCO(STPD) in ml min" mm Hg PH20(20deg) = 17.5 mm Hg PH20(37 deg)=47 mm Hg. Note: the water vapor partial pressure correction to use is PH20(saturated) *relative humidity