Hello tutor please help me I am about to make a Infographics and I will the one who will do that just help me with the context I'll put there

The topic is about preservation of aquaculture

The reading materials is attached below

and the output need to be answered the following questions " What have you learned" questions including the details in the reading materials

Other aquaculture activities that may have effects on the environment: 8. Hormones and growth promoters - An increasing number of hormones and growth promoters are used to alter sex, productive viability and growth of culture organisms. - There have been many studies to describe their physiological effects in the target organisms but studies on their wider ecological impact have not yet been undertaken. at! strictly lor class U58 only. Ponder on this: Although aquaculture is seen as one way of addressing the issue of scarcity of aquatic resources, the developments in this sector has also brought about some adverse effects in the environment. What do you think should be done given this paradox or contradiction? Why should this/these be done? are strictly for class USS only. 0 Let's look at other means of addressing issues brought about by the unsustainable use 0 of our aquatic resources. CFOSiUPV or. HIM-III) Im- plan Imn mm COLLEGE OF FISHERIES AND OCEAN SCIENCES UNIVER UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS es and Ocean Sciences Class Use Only) o People and the Aquatic World o UPV College Aquatic Science 1 (Strictly for Aqu slides are strictly for class use only. cean Sciences se Only) III. ADDRESSING ISSUES ON AQUATIC RESOURCES EXPLOITATION UPV College of AND UTILIZATION Strictly forA. Farming Aquatic Organisms Slides are strictly for class use only. CFOS-UPV We have discussed the many issues brought about by the unsustainable exploitation and utilization of aquatic resources by humans. cean bs Use How can these be addressed ? Fisher ccient What are some ways to mitigate these effects so that UPV Coll the conditions of our aquatic ecosystems can be improved or maintained? (Strictly CFOS-UPV Since many of our aquatic resources have been exploited and utilized unsustainably... ccienc Most fishing grounds in the world have been over-fished... and thus the call for augmentation of fisheries production from the wild mainly to supply food for humans And one of the ways to do this is through the culture of commercially valuable aquatic species. CFOS-UPV and Ocean Sciences Class Use Only) Aquaculture therefore plays an important role in the global food supply. UPV College (Strictly for Aquaticsits" - mnly 'Hl an m mly. What Is aquaculture? It is one of the production subsector of the fisheries sector According to the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998. RA 8550. aquaculture refers to any - fishery operation involving all forms of raising and culturing fish and other fishery species in fresh. brackish, and marine water areas. slim Ill ninli ini an: un- unlv. What is the role of aquaculture In the global food supply? i i i -World fishery resources are I Aquaculture production important sources of protein . Wild capture 7 yet as what we have discussed these have been atfected by the growing demand of a growing population. vln tact. capture or commercial world sheries production i.e., gathering of 0 sh and other aquatic 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 resources from the wild has been declining since W95. Source: no solo sun-- u- may ini an: w my. What is the role of aquaculture in the global food supply? rum r.. up -a..m ~ Moreover, a notable decline in world fisheries production led to dramatic 131-: increases in the price of commercial species. - Many scientists believe that the maximum sustainable level of global catch of fish for food has almost been reached. = H is believed that all of the l7 world '5 major fishing areas have been fished beyond their limits to replenish. = Nine {9) of these are in serious decline. suns: all may lnl mu us. my The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been reached! MSY the largest average quantity of sh that can be harvested from a fish stock/resource within a period of time on a sustainable basis under existing environmental conditions [RA 8550). .._..>...s..__..~__.__._ Implication: Much of the commercial species may have been overshed and the remaining stocks will not even be able to supply the present demand. sums sis smut, lnl anus us. mly What is the role of aquaculture in the global food supply? -Due to the decline in commercial fisheries production, aquaculture is expected to expand to meet the projected shortfall in the supply of shery products. -In the Philippines, aquaculture contributes approximately 35% to the total fisheries production, -In the US. 10% of the tish harvest is produced by aquaculture. -Wor1dwide, one out of every ve fish eaten was raised an Cl farm. crosuw Slides all mm, in dam us- only Ocean Sciences Use Only) Aquaculture is expected to supply a growing demand for cheaper UPV College of animal protein. (Strictly for Aquatic CFOS-UPV slides are strictly for class use only. ances O By the way, here are the usual aquatic species that UPV College of Fist are being cultured. (Strictly for Aquatic Scler CFOS-UPV . Cultivable Species Groups Common Farmed Animals Finfishes - also called bony fish, milkfish (Chanos chanos) teleosts; vertebrates tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus, etc.) with gills and fins - catfish (Clarias batrachus; Clarias *Finfishes are also referred to as Fis macrocephalus; Claria gariepnus) carps (Cyprinus carpio) simply "fishes." allege Aquaty - seabass (Lates calcarifer) grouper (Ephinephelus coiodes) **The term "fish" is also often siganids (Siganus guttatus) loosely used to embrace all - salmon, trout, etc relevant aquatic animals unless obvious from a particular context. CFOS-UPV lides are strictly for class use . Cultivable Species Groups Common Farmed Animals Finfishes: Tilapia Farming in Ponds: Part 1 - and class Here are some videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGxGaguJI6Y on the culture of some Part 2 - ience o fishes that you may https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= GYUM2efx2U want to watch. Pompano Farming - How to Manage Pompano Farm UPV (Strictly for Aq Agribusiness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quINJAHM40 Slides are strictly for class use CFOS-UPV . Cultivable Species Groups Common Farmed Animals Mollusks - invertebrates, Oysters (Talaba):a unsegmented, soft-bodies (Crassostea iredalei; C. tuberculate) animals, covered by a European oyster (Ostrea edulis) shell 're window pane oyster (Placuna placenta) ishere Those cultured are bivalves i.e. SMussels (Tahong): shells with two plates or valves. t - Green mussel (Perna viridis) UPV College - Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) (Strictly for Aqua - Brown mussel (Modiolus metcalfi) Scallops and clams: - Giant clam (Tridacna gigas) o - Abalone (Haliotis asinine) CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only.. Cultivable Species Groups Common Farmed Animals Science Crustaceans - shelled, Penaeid shrimps: Use segmented with hood Jumbo tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) chitinous skin animals White shrimp (Penaeus indicus) without bones; invertebrates Flower shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) belonging to subphylum 15 White or banana shrimp (Penaeus Crustacea allege Aquatic merguiensis) Cultured crustaceans and Crabs: mollusks are commonly - Mud crab or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) referred to as "shellfishes" - Kasag (Neptunus pelagicus Lobsters and crayfish CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. . Cultivable Species Groups Common Farmed Aquatic Plants The common farmed aquatic Porphyra sp. (known as "gamet", which is a plants are macroalgae, rie delicacy among llocanos) collectively and popularly known Undaria sp and Laminaria sp. (In Japan) as seaweeds. e of ri Gracilaria sp. (" gulaman dagat") with several species They are farmed for human qua Eucheuma lenticularura consumption or processed for Caulerpa lentillifera various food, medicinal and Sargassum sp. industrial applications. Galidiella sp. CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. aces Since human population is growing, the demand for fish is also increasing. Class To significantly increase fish production, fish farmers saw the need to shift from traditional culture methods to highly intensified culture Taw et al. 2008 | Intensive shrimp fo systems. CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. Intensification of culture systems to meet O increasing demand for fish and other species, however, has implications on the environment. Science UPV College of Fisheries What are these? (Strictly for Aqu CFOS-UPV les are strictly for class use Intensification of culture systems involves: 1) increasing stocking densities or number of fish or cultured organisms in ponds, cages, or pens (e.g. from 10 pc/m2 to 25-30 pc/m2 2) use of artificial feeds to augment natural foodScien Ocean Use Only 3) use of hormones and chemicals 4) use of bioactive compounds for disease treatment 5) others heries ance UP CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only.Aquaculture and the Environment Impacts of Open Pen Aquaculture System These aquaculture activities use Only) ean Scio that don't regidate generate substantial amounts of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) which exert a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) on the he receiving waters. The pass from pens to ic Scler . discharge large amounts of organic and inorganic substances such as food wastes and fish feces which continually accumulate lowering the surrounding water just and contaminate the marine environment and other receiving aquatic ecosystems. Source Corn CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. ances So, what are some of the ecological impacts of these aquaculture activities? UPV College (Strictly for Aquat o CFOS-UPV Fishmeal (food) Drugs & Chemicals Open-net pen system Escaped Fish UPV C (Stric Fish waste ESCHOOLTODAY.COM CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. Some ecological impacts of aquaculture: Ocean Sciences 1. Enrichment of benthic *ecosystems ss Use Only) . the release of soluble inorganic nutrients from intensive fish and shrimp farming has a the potential to cause nutrient enrichment and eutrophication (increase in primary production) of a water body. It has also been suggested that the release of dissolved organic compounds together with other components of the diet such as vitamins could influence the growth or toxicity of a particular species of phytoplankton. "Benthic - relating to or occurring at the bottom of a body of water Slides are strictly for class use only. CFOS-UPV Some ecological impacts of aquaculture: d Ocean Sciences Class Use Only) 2. Interaction with the food web . The large scale, extensive cultivation of bivalves can interact with the marine food web by = the removal of phytoplankton and organic detritus by competing with other planktonic herbivores. (Strio CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only.Some ecological impacts of aquaculture: Ocean Sciences Class Use Only) 3. Oxygen depletion . aquaculture production can be limited by the availability of oxygen . deposition of organic waste increases the consumption of oxygen by the sediment and can result in oxygen depletion of the bottom water, which is the usual cause of fish kills. (Strio CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. Some ecological impacts of aquaculture: ean Sciences Use Only) 4. Disturbance of wildlife and habitat destruction . all forms of aquaculture have the potential to affect wildlife . large areas of mangrove resource has been destroyed for the construction of fishponds and other aquaculture facilities UPV (Strictly CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. Other aquaculture activities that may have effects on the environment: es and Ocean Science 1 Class Use Only) 5. Introductions and transfers . introduction or transfer of species not endemic in an area may alter or impoverish the biodiversity of the receiving system through interbreeding, creation, competition for food and space, and habitat destruction. UP (Strictly Te CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. Other aquaculture activities that may have effects on the environment: es 6. Use of bioactive compounds (including pesticides and antibiotics) . Bioactive compounds are part of overall disease and pest control strategies and are widely used in coastal aquaculture. .In general, the use of such compounds in aquaculture is often haphazard. . Literature indicates that bioactive compounds linger in animal tissues for greater periods than had been recognized. . Fauna may be affected by uneaten medicated food released to the receiving environment. . The development of antibiotic resistance among microbial communities may occur. CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only. Other aquaculture activities that may have effects on the environment: iences 7. Chemicals introduced via construction materials ce Only . Substances released through construction materials into the aquatic environment (e.g. heavy metals, plastic additives) Examples of these substances include preservatives, anti-foulants (tributylin, TBT), pigments, stabilizers, UV absorbers, fungicides, disinfectants, etc. Many of these compounds are toxic to aquatic life (although some protection is provided by their low water solubility, slow rate of leaching and dilution. CFOS-UPV Slides are strictly for class use only