help me with the following.

Philippine Government and BSP Responses to the Covid-19 pandemic (Explain thoroughly the following questions)

What are the top 5 responses of the national government and Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas in addressing the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy (i.e., economic community quarantine, social amelioration program, work-from-home, monetary and fiscal policies and programs.) Discuss how these programs and policies mitigate the negative economic effects of the pandemic on individual consumers, firms, household sector, firm sector, and other major sectors of the economy in the short- and long-run (i.e., price levels, inflation, demand and supply of goods and services). Illustrate and analyze the effects of the pandemic and government and BSP programs and responses on the aggregate demand for goods and services of individual consumers and households, and aggregate supply of goods and services of firms (or aggregate expenditure, or marginal cost and average total cost of production using graphical models for aggregate expenditure, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, money demand, money supply, consumers' demand or firm's marginal cost and average total cost curves). Discuss if these programs and policies are, or will be effective in addressing the effects of the pandemic (i.e., spurring economic activity, economic recovery, etc.).

The market demand for a product is given by: P = 680 - 2Q The marginal cost of production is constant at MC=40

a. What is the economically efficient price and quantity in this market?

b. If the industry is a Cournot duopoly and they are able to collude how much is the welfare loss compared to the efficient outcome in part a? How much profit would the colluding firms make?

c. Show that the firms would have an incentive to deviate from the collusive quantities by deriving their reaction functions. What would be the Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities, price and profits of the two firms? Is this an improvement over part b?

d. Suppose that a third firm enters. Calculate the Cournot-Nash equilibrium quantities, price and profits in this three firm oligopoly scenario. Is the outcome better than part c?

1) The president asks you to find the equilibrium level of output for the economy. Suppose you are given that government spending is $10,000, investment is $9,500, taxes are $3000, the marginal propensity to consume is .75, and, finally, the level of net exports is -$1000. Now, suppose exports grow by $1000 (Net exports are now $0) What would be the equilibrium level of output? What was the multiplier in this case?

2) There was a lot of discussion in the early 1990s about adopting a balance-budget amendment. Obviously, there are benefits to having such a policy, but lets look at some of the potential drawbacks. First of all, suppose the economy is in a recession, what steps might the government want to take? What impact would a balance budget have .. remember, spending = taxes? Finally, where does long-run real economic growth come from? Why might accepting a deficit be a good idea in this case?

Consider arbitrage between equity shares and a riskless asset paying the constant rate of return 0. Let denote the price at the beginning of period of a share that at the end of period yields the dividend . As seen from period there is uncertainty about + and + for = 1 2.... Suppose agents have rational expectations and care only about expected return (risk neutrality). a) Write down the no-arbitrage condition. Suppose dividends follow the process = + where is a positive constant and is white noise, observable in period but not known in advance. b) Find the fundamental solution for and let it be denoted . Hint: given = +1 + the fundamental solution is = + P =1 + 57 Suppose someone claims that the share price follows the process = + with a given 0 0 and, for = 0 1 2..., +1 = 1+ with probability 0 with probability 1 where = () 0 0 c) What is an asset price bubble and what is a rational asset price bubble? d) Can the described process be a rational asset price bubble? Hint: a bubble component associated with the inhomogenous equation = +1 + is a solution, different from zero, to the homogeneous equation, = +1.

The housing market in an old city quarter (partial equilibrium analysis, discrete time) Consider the housing market in an old city quarter with unique amenity value (for convenience we will speak of "houses" although perhaps "apartments" would fit real world situations better). Let be the aggregate stock of houses (apartments), measured in terms of some basic unit (a house of "normal size", somehow adjusted for quality) existing at a given point in time. No new construction is allowed, but repair and maintenance is required by law and so is constant through time. Notation: = the real price of a house (stock) at the start of period = real maintenance costs of a house (assumed constant over time) = the real rental rate, i.e., the price of housing services (flow), = = the net rental rate = net revenue to the owner per unit of housing services. Let the housing services in period be called Note that is a flow: so and so many square meter-months are at the disposal for utilization (accommodation) for the owner or tenant during period We assume the rate of utilization of the house stock is constant over time. By choosing appropriate measurement units the rate of utilization is normalized to 1, and so = 1. The prices and are measured in real terms, that is, deflated by the consumer price index. We assume perfect competition in both the market for houses and the market for housing services.