Help needed with these 3, thank you.

25. Which of the following is the true statement? A. ratification applies to previously unauthorized acts B. actual authority must be expressly created and cannot be based on custom or past dealings C. apparent authority is based on what the principal communicates to the agent and not the third party D. actual authority must always be expressed in writing 26. Alex is a driver for John's Hoagie Shop and delivers delicious hoagies to customers. One day, Alex negligently leaves a bag of hoagies unsecured on top his car and while driving, the bag of hoagies falls out of the truck. Samantha, driving behind Alex's car, sees the hoagies flying at her and swerves into a telephone pole. Which of the following is correct? A. Alex, but not John's Hoagie Shop is liable B. Both Alex and John's Hoagies Shop are liable C. John's Hoagie Shop, but not Alex is liable D. no one is liable, it was an accident. 27. Janet hires Tim to drive a truck to a depot 300 mile away. She specifies the route that he is to take and tells him to be sure to arrive by 5:00 pm. On the way, Tim finds himself nodding off due to hunger. He checks the time and finds that he has plenty of time to make the 5:00 pm deadline so he decides to stop at a Wawa that he is familiar with. The Wawa is 4 of a mile off of the route that Janet had specified. Tim does not call Janet to ask for permission. On the way to the Wawa, Brad runs a light and has a collision with Frank. Frank sues Janet. A. Janet wins because Tim was on a detour, freeing her from liability B. Janet wins because Tim was on a frolic, freeing her from liability C. Janet loses because Tim was on a detour, so she is liable D. Janet loses because Tim was on a frolic, so she is liable