Here is the link for the paper on the Credibility of Science Scale that you read in Module 5 for your post. You will want to refer back to the paper as you answer the questions for this thread below.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kenneth-Demarree/publication/320680789_Modeling_Attitudes_Toward_Science_Development_and_Validation_of_the_Credibility_of_Science_Scale/links/5a4a8c58a6fdcce197211749/Modeling-Attitudes-Toward-Science-Development-and-Validation-of-the-Credibility-of-Science-Scale.pdf

Here's a direct link for the pdf, if you prefer that: Hartman-2017-ModelingAttitudestowardScience.pdf

1. Restate the conceptual definition for perceptions about the credibility of science. You can copy and paste this from your post from Module 5.

1. State what question format is used on the Credibility of Science Scale (CoSS)(forced choice, Likert scale, Likert-type scale, semantic differential format).

1. Published scales usually don't have problematic questions, such as leading questions, double-barreled questions, or negatively worded questions.

1. 1. Create a leading question that would lead people to say they have high perceptions about the credibility of science. Creating a leading question is to help you understand them so you can be sure to spot them and be critical of them if you come across them. Remember in a real survey you would not want to intentionally create a leading question.
   2. Create a double-barreled question that deals with measuring perceptions about the credibility of science. This is to help you understand double-barreled questions so you can be sure to spot them and be critical of them if you come across them. Remember in a real survey you would not want to intentionally create a double-barreled question.
   3. Negative questions are bad and should be avoided when creating surveys. Examine the items of the CoSS scale (in the table at the very end of the paper after the references) to see if there are any negatively worded questions. If there are any, identify them. If there are no negatively worded questions, create a negatively worded question that measures perceptions about the credibility of science. This is to help you understand negatively worded questions so you can be sure to spot them and be critical of them if you come across them. Remember in a real survey you would not want to intentionally create a negatively worded question.

1. Create one good new item that could be added to the CoSS. Make sure it is not a leading item or a double-barreled item or a negatively worded item. Also, make sure it uses the same question format as the other questions on the scale.
2. The CoSS contains all reverse worded items because for each item higher levels of agreement indicate lower perceptions of credibility of science. Recall that scales should contain some items where more agreement means higher levels of the construct as well as some items where more agreement means lower levels of the construct. Create a new item for the CoSS that is the opposite of the existing items meaning create an item where higher levels of agreement would indicate higher levels of perceptions of credibility of science.