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image text in transcribed \fNote: This is an example only. You will need to expand on each section. This example should only be used as a guide and for correct format. Refer to the end of each chapter in your textbooks and the Dissertation Handbook on how to write up the findings section. Remember to put the information in your own words in order to avoid plagiarism. GROUP # WRITE-UP: ASSIGNMENT NAME by Group Members Liberty University Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for EDUC 812 Liberty University Year FINDINGS Research Question The research question for this study was: RQ1: Is there a difference in learning attitude among traditional, adult, and senior vocational learners at a Northwestern public college? Null Hypothesis The null hypothesis for this study is: H01: There is no significant difference in learning attitude as measure by the Learning Attitude Learning Inventory among traditional, adult, and senior vocational learners at a Northwestern public college. Descriptive Statistics Data obtained for the dependent variable learning attitude for traditional, adult, and senior learners can be found in Table 1. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: Score Group Mean Std. Deviation N TL 18.7000 2.90784 10 AL 19.6667 1.73205 9 SL 22.8182 4.46807 11 Total 20.5000 3.70228 30 Results Data screening Data screening was conducted on each group's dependent variables (TL, AL, SL attitude) regarding data inconsistencies, outliers, and normality. The researcher sorted the data on each variable and scanned for inconsistencies. No data errors or inconsistencies were identified. Box and whiskers plots were used to detect outliers on each dependent variable. No outliers were identified. See Figure 1 for box and whisker plot. Figure 1. Box and Whisker Plot for Traditional, Adult, and Senior Learners Tests of Normality Group Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic Score df Shapiro-Wilk Sig. Statistic df Sig. TL .179 10 .200* .883 10 .140 AL .224 9 .200* .921 9 .399 SL .105 11 .200* .958 11 .751 *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction Assumptions An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the first null hypothesis that looked at the differences among type of learner and their learning attitudes. The ANOVA required that the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance are met. Normality was examined using a Shapiro-Wilk test. Shapiro-Wilk was used because the sample size was less than 50. No violations of normality were found. See Table 2 for Shapiro-Wilk test. Table 2 Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Group Statistic Score df Shapiro-Wilk Sig. Statistic df Sig. TL .179 10 .200* .883 10 .140 AL .224 9 .200* .921 9 .399 SL .216 11 .158 .893 11 .151 *. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction The assumption of homogeneity of variance was examined using the Levene's test. A violation was found (p = .009) so the assumption of homogeneity was not met. However, the ANOVA is considered a robust test against the homogeneity assumption (Warner, 2013, p. 474). For this reason, the researcher continued with the analysis. See Table 3 for Levene's Test. Table 3 Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa Dependent Variable: Score F df1 5.647 df2 2 Sig. 27 .009 Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Group Results for Null Hypothesis One An ANOVA was used to test the first null hypothesis; the differences in learning attitude among traditional, adult, and senior vocational learners. The first null hypothesis was rejected at a 95% confidence level were F(2, 27) = 4.40, p = .02, 2 = .25. See Table 4 Tests of BetweenSubjects Effects. Table 4 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: Score Source Type III Sum of df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta Squares Squared 97.764a 2 48.882 4.403 .022 .246 12395.150 1 12395.150 1116.545 .000 .976 Group 97.764 2 48.882 4.403 .022 .246 Error 299.736 27 11.101 Total 13005.000 30 397.500 29 Corrected Model Intercept Corrected Total a. R Squared = .246 (Adjusted R Squared = .190) Post Hoc analysis was conducted using a Tukey Test HSD. There was a significant difference between the attitude scores of traditional (M = 18.7, S.D. = 2.9) and senior (M = 22.8, S.D. = 4.5) vocational learners (p = .02). See Table 5 for Multiple Comparisons Groups. Table 5 Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Score Tukey HSD (I) Group (J) Group Mean Difference Std. Error Sig. (I-J) TL AL SL 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound AL -.9667 1.53089 .804 -4.7624 2.8290 SL * -4.1182 1.45580 .023 -7.7277 -.5087 TL .9667 1.53089 .804 -2.8290 4.7624 SL -3.1515 1.49756 .108 -6.8646 .5616 TL * 4.1182 1.45580 .023 .5087 7.7277 AL 3.1515 1.49756 .108 -.5616 6.8646 Based on observed means. The error term is Mean Square(Error) = 11.101. *. The mean difference is significant at the .05 level. Scenario Exam Joe collected a questionnaire from thirty students in his school on their attitudes toward the local science fair. Joe wanted to test the following null hypothesis: H01: There is no significant difference among the attitude toward science fairs of students' who either won 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or no award at all at the local science fair. See questionnaire sheet below: Award Question: What award did you win? (1 = 1st place, 2 = 2nd place, 3 = 3rd place, 4 = I did not win an award) Science Fair Attitude Questions (12 possible points): Item 1: I enjoyed competing in the science fair: 4 = strongly agree, 3 = agree, 2 = disagree, 1 = strongly disagree Item 2: The science fair was exciting: 4 = strongly agree, 3 = agree, 2 = disagree, 1 = strongly disagree Item 3: The science fair was fun: 4 = strongly agree, 3 = agree, 2 = disagree, 1 = strongly disagree Data Collection Sheet: (Note: See the data collection sheet below. You may cut and paste or type the data set into SPSS. Remember to leave off the header row when copying into SPSS). Student ID Award 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 4 2 4 1 1 2 4 4 3 4 3 Attitude Scores 9 9 3 8 3 7 9 7 3 4 8 5 9 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 2 4 2 4 1 3 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 7 3 5 5 9 8 6 4 5 7 4 4 3 8 8 8 7

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