Hill} DIE language learning market to double by 11115, led by digital delivering 3X growth. Digital Language Learning is accelerating rapidly, increasing access, reducing cost and leveraging technology to drive higher levels of language prociency at scale. Beyond tens of millions of new \"mobile rst" language learners, digital is serving a much needed on-ramp and enabler for both online and ofine tutoring. Believe it or not, 1 in 4 people on earth are active language learners. That's more than all the students in the world enrolled from K-IE to Higher Education. Arguably, it's the world's largest cohort of learners, and as a cohort, they're really oolyjust discovering digital. Approximately 1.3 billion of us are actively striving and studying for work or pleasure to achieve proficiency at an additional language. Over 61100 languages are spoken around the world, each and every one of them reminding us of the beauty and diversity of humanity. Language is the foundation of education, collective intelligence, culture, empathy and relationships, and learning an additional language inspires the explorer in us all. Mandarin, Spanish, German, French, Arabic, Russian, Portuguese and Japanese; for travel, for life, career or family, the list of languages we are learning is long. But the overwhelming majority of language learners are seeking to learn English as second language we estimate a little over 1.4 billion. 142 countries include English as a mandatory element of this national education curriculum. This is driving increased demand for language learning in the 1.3 billion people enrolled in formal early childhood, K-ll and tertiary institutions around the world. Even in predominately English- speaking markets such as the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Eealand, English language learning is very strong for international higher education and travel- hased learners. Forcing ourselves to form a \"mid-Covid\" point of view, we have fundamentally upgraded our outlook for Direct-to-CorsurnerDZC] language learning. This may seem counter-intuitive given the widespread damage to offline and in-person providers Covid has driven, however we are optimistic on the mid to long term economic recovery and remain convinced of the long term demand for \"blended\" in-person, campus-based and generally \"face to face" and \"peer to peer" English language learning. Question 3 Edward de Bonn suggested two methods of thinking, nainel},r vertical versus lateral thinking. In your opinion, selflearning of a new language is an act of vertical or lateral thinking or both. Discuss your answers with reference to the Universal Standards of Critical Thinking. [Total 25 marks]