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Home Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In T 2 / 68 British Columbia Interveners et Euthanasia Prevention Coalition - British Columbia Intervenants Search 'Reduce

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Home Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In T 2 / 68 British Columbia Interveners et Euthanasia Prevention Coalition - British Columbia Intervenants Search 'Reduce Size' INDEXED AS: CARTER v. CANADA (ATTORNEY REPERTORYE : CARTER c. CANADA (PROCUREUR GENERAL) GENERAL) Export PDF 2015 SCC 5 2015 CSC 5 File No.: 35591. No du greffe : 35591. Adobe Export PDF 2014: October 15; 2015: February 6. 2014 : 15 octobre; 2015 : 6 fevrier. Convert PDF Files to Word or Excel Online Present: McLachlin C.J. and LeBel, Abella, Rothstein, Presents : La juge en chef McLachlin et les juges LeBel, Cromwell, Moldaver, Karakatsanis, Wagner and Gascon JJ. Abella, Rothstein, Cromwell, Moldaver, Karakatsanis, Select PDF File Wagner et Gascon. Carter v. ...C CSC5.pdf X ON APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF APPEAL FOR EN APPEL DE LA COUR D'APPEL DE LA BRITISH COLUMBIA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE Convert to Constitutional law - Division of powers - Inter- Droit constitutionnel - Partage des competences Microsoft Word (*.docx) jurisdictional immunity - Criminal Code provisions Doctrine de l'exclusivite des competences - Dispo- prohibiting physician-assisted dying - Whether prohi- sitions du Code criminel prohibant l'aide d'un medecin Document Language: bition interferes with protected core of provincial juris- pour mourir - La prohibition entrave-t-elle le contenu English (U.S.) Change diction over health - Constitution Act, 1867, ss. 91(27), essentiel protege de la competence provinciale en matiere 92(7), (13), (16). de sante? - Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, art. 91(27), 92(7), (13), (16). Constitutional law - Charter of Rights - Right to life, Droit constitutionnel - Charte des droits - Droit a la liberty and security of the person - Fundamental justice vie, a la liberte et a la securite de la personne - Justice Convert - Competent adult with grievous and irremediable med- fondamentale - Adulte capable affecte de problemes de ical condition causing enduring suffering consenting to sante graves et irremediables qui lui causent des souf- termination of life with physician assistance - Whether frances persistantes consentant a mettre fin a ses jours Criminal Code provisions prohibiting physician-assisted avec l'aide d'un medecin - Les dispositions du Code dying infringe s. 7 of Canadian Charter of Rights and Free- criminel qui prohibernaide d'un medecin pour mourin OF Edit PDF doms - If so, whether infringement justifiable under s. I violent-elles l'art. 7 de la Charte canadienne des droits of Charter - Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, ss. 14, et libertes? - Dans l'affirmative, la violation est-elle Create PDF 241 (b ). justifiable au regard de l'article premier de la Charte? - Code criminel, L.R.C. 1985, c. C-46, art. 14, 241b). Comment Constitutional law - Charter of Rights - Remedy Droit constitutionnel - Charte des droits - Repa- - Constitutional exemption - Availability - Constitu- ration - Exemption constitutionnelle - Faisabilite - tional challenge of Criminal Code provisions prohibiting Contestation constitutionnelle par les demandeurs des physician-assisted dying seeking declaration of invalid- dispositions du Code criminel prohibant l'aide d'un mede- Create, edit, and e-sign PDF forms ity of provisions and free-standing constitutional exemp cin pour mourir en vue d'obtenir une declaration d'inva- & agreements tion for claimants - Whether constitutional exemption lidite des dispositions et une exemption constitutionnelle Free 7-Day TrialHome Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In 3 / 68 under s. 24(1) of Canadian Charter of Rights and Free- autonome - Opportunite d'accorder une exemption cons- doms should be granted titutionnelle aux termes de l'art. 24(1) de la Charte cana- Search 'Reduce Size' dienne des droits et libertes. Courts - Costs - Special costs - Principles gover- Tribunaux - Depens - Depens speciaux - Principes ning exercise of courts' discretionary power to grant spe- regissant l'exercice du pouvoir discretionnaire des tri- Export PDF cial costs on full indemnity basis - Trial judge awarding bunaux d'accorder des depens speciaux sur la base de special costs to successful plaintiffs on basis that award l'indemnisation integrale - Juge de premiere instance justified by public interest, and ordering Attorney Gen- accordant des depens speciaux aux demandeurs qui ont eral intervening as of right to pay amount proportional gain de cause parce que l'interet public le justifie et con- Adobe Export PDF to participation in proceedings - Whether special costs damnant la procureure generale, qui est intervenue de Convert PDF Files to Word should be awarded to cover entire expense of bringing case plein droit, a payer une somme proportionnelle a sa par- or Excel Online before courts - Whether award against Attorney General ticipation a l'instance - Faut-il accorder des depens spe- justified. ciaux couvrant la totalite des depenses engagees pour porter l'affaire devant les tribunaux? - La condamnation Select PDF File aux depens prononcee contre la procureure generale est- elle justifiee? Carter v. ...C CSC5.pdf X Section 241(b) of the Criminal Code says that ev- Aux termes de l'al. 241b) du Code criminel, quicon- eryone who aids or abets a person in committing sui- que aide ou encourage quelqu'un a se donner la mort Convert to cide commits an indictable offence, and s. 14 says that commet un acte criminel, et selon l'art. 14, nul ne peut Microsoft Word (*.docx) no person may consent to death being inflicted on them. consentir a ce que la mort lui soit infligee. Ensemble, ces Together, these provisions prohibit the provision of assis- dispositions prohibernau Canada la prestation de l'aide tance in dying in Canada. After T was diagnosed with a a mourir. Apres avoir appris en 2009 qu'elle souffrait Document Language: fatal neurodegenerative disease in 2009, she challenged d'une maladie neurodegenerative fatale, T a conteste la English (U.S.) Change the constitutionality of the Criminal Code provisions pro- constitutionnalite des dispositions du Code criminel qui hibiting assistance in dying. She was joined in her claim prohibent l'aide a mourir. Se sont joints a sa demande C by C and J, who had assisted C's mother in achieving her et J, qui avaient aide la mere de C a realiser son souhait goal of dying with dignity by taking her to Switzerland to de mourir dans la dignite en l'emmenant en Suisse pour use the services of an assisted suicide clinic; a physician qu'elle puisse recourir aux services d'une clinique d'aide Convert who would be willing to participate in physician-assisted au suicide; se sont aussi joints un medecin dispose a par- dying if it were no longer prohibited; and the British Co- ticiper a un processus d'aide medicale a la mort si la pro- lumbia Civil Liberties Association. The Attorney General hibition etait levee, et l' Association des libertes civiles de of British Columbia participated in the constitutional lit- la Colombie-Britannique. La procureure generale de la igation as of right. Colombie-Britannique a participe de plein droit au litige constitutionnel. OF Edit PDF The trial judge found that the prohibition against La juge de premiere instance a conclud que la pro- physician-assisted dying violates the s. 7 rights of com- hibition de l'aide medicale a mourir viole les droits Create PDF petent adults who are suffering intolerably as a result que l'art. 7 garantit aux adultes capables voues a d'in- of a grievous and irremediable medical condition and tolerables souffrances causees par des problemes de concluded that this infringement is not justified under s. 1 sante graves et irremediables et a aussi concludue cette Comment of the Charter. She declared the prohibition unconsti violation n'est pas justifice au regard de l'article pre- tutional, granted a one-year suspension of invalidity and mier de la Charte. Elle a declare la prohibition incons- provided T with a constitutional exemption. She awarded titutionnelle, a suspendu pour un an la prise d'effet de la special costs in favour of the plaintiffs on the ground that declaration d'invalidite et a accorde a T une exemption this was justified by the public interest in resolving the constitutionnelle. Elle a adjuge des depens speciaux aux Create, edit, and e-sign PDF forms legal issues raised by the case, and awarded 10 percent demandeurs parce qu'une telle mesure etait justifice par & agreements of the costs against the Attorney General of British Co- I'interet du public a ce que soient tranchees les questions lumbia in light of the full and active role it assumed in the de droit en litige, et elle a condamne la procureure ge- proceedings. nerale de la Colombie-Britannique a payer 10 pour 100 Free 7-Day Trial des depens du fait qu'elle avait participe pleinement et activement a l'instance.Home Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In 4 / 68 The majority of the Court of Appeal allowed the ap- Les juges majoritaires de la Cour d'appel ont ac- peal on the ground that the trial judge was bound to cueilli l'appel pour le motif que la juge de premiere ins- Search 'Reduce Size' follow this Court's decision in Rodriguez v. British Co- tance etait tenue de suivre la decision de notre Cour dans lumbia (Attorney General), [1993] 3 S.C.R. 519, where Rodriguez c. Colombie-Britannique (Procureur general), a majority of the Court upheld the blanket prohibition [1993] 3 R.C.S. 519, dans laquelle les juges majoritaires on assisted suicide. The dissenting judge found no er- de la Cour ont confirme l' interdiction generale de l'aide Export PDF rors in the trial judge's assessment of stare decisiver au suicide. Le juge dissident n'a releve aucune erreur application of s. 7 or the corresponding analysis under dans l'examen, par la juge de premiere instance, du prin- s. 1. However, he concluded that the trial judge was bound cipe du stare decisions l'application qu'elle a faite Adobe Export PDF by the conclusion in Rodriguez that any s. 15 infringe- de l'art. 7, ni dans l'analyse correspondante fondee sur Convert PDF Files to Word ment was saved by s. 1. I'article premier. II a toutefois concludu'elle etait lice par la conclusion de l'arret Rodriguez selon laquelle toute or Excel Online violation de l'art. 15 etait sauvegardee par l'article pre- mier. Select PDF File Held: The appeal should be allowed. Section 241(b) Arret : Le pourvoi est accueilli. L'alinea 241b) et Carter v. ...C CSC5.pdf X and s. 14 of the Criminal Code unjustifiably infringe I'art. 14 du Code criminel portent atteinte de maniere in- s. 7 of the Charter and are of no force or effect to the justifice a l'art. 7 de la Charte et sont inoperants dans la extent that they prohibit physician-assisted death for a mesure ou ils prohiberniaide d'un medecin pour mou- Convert to competent adult person who (1) clearly consents to the rir a une personne adulte capable qui (1) consent clai- Microsoft Word (*.docx) termination of life and (2) has a grievous and irreme- rement a mettre fin a sa vie; et qui (2) est affectee de diable medical condition (including an illness, disease problemes de sante graves et irremediables (y compris or disability) that causes enduring suffering that is in- une affection, une maladie ou un handicap) lui causant Document Language: tolerable to the individual in the circumstances of his or des souffrances persistantes qui lui sont intolerables au English (U.S.) Change her condition. The declaration of invalidity is suspended regard de sa condition. La prise d'effet de la declaration for 12 months. Special costs on a full indemnity basis d'invalidite est suspendue pendant 12 mois. Le Canada are awarded against Canada throughout. The Attorney est condamne a des depens speciaux sur la base de l'in- General of British Columbia will bear responsibility for demnisation integrale devant toutes les cours. La procu- 10 percent of the costs at trial on a full indemnity basis reure generale de la Colombie-Britannique doit assumer and will pay the costs associated with its presence at the Convert la responsability de 10 pour 100 des depens du proces appellate levels on a party-and-party basis. sur la base de l'indemnisation integrale, et elle est con- damnee aux depens associes a sa participation devant les cours d'appel sur la base partie-partie. The trial judge was entitled to revisit this Court's de- La juge de premiere instance pouvait reexaminer OF Edit PDF cision in Rodriguez. Trial courts may reconsider settled la decision rendue par notre Cour dans Rodriguez. Les rulings of higher courts in two situations: (1) where a new juridictions inferieures peuvent reexaminer les prece- legal issue is raised; and (2) where there is a change in dents de tribunaux superieurs dans deux situations : (1) Create PDF the circumstances or evidence that fundamentally shifts lorsqu'une nouvelle question juridique se pose; et (2) the parameters of the debate. Here, both conditions were lorsqu'une modification de la situation ou de la preuve met. The argument before the trial judge involved a dif- change radicalement la donne. En l'espece, ces deux Comment ferent legal conception of s. 7 than that prevailing when conditions etaient reunies. L'argument presente a la juge Rodriguez was decided. In particular, the law relating to de premiere instance reposait sur une conception juridi- the principles of overbreadth and gross disproportionality que de l'art. 7 differente de celle qui avait cours lors du had materially advanced since Rodriguez. The matrix of prononce de l'arret Rodriguez. Plus particulierement, le legislative and social facts in this case also differed from droit relatif aux principes de la portee excessive et du ca- Create, edit, and e-sign PDF forms the evidence before the Court in Rodriguez. ractere totalement disproportionne avait evolue de facon & agreements importante depuis l'arret Rodriguez. L'ensemble des faits legislativ et sociaux dans l'affaire qui nous occupe diffe- rait egalement des elements de preuve soumis a la Cour Free 7-Day Trial dans l' affaire Rodriguez.Home Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In 5 / 68 The prohibition on assisted suicide is, in general, a La prohibition de l'aide au suicide constitue genera- valid exercise of the federal criminal law power under lement un exercice valide de la competence en matiere Search 'Reduce Size' s. 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867, and it does not de droit criminel conferee au gouvernement federal impair the protected core of the provincial jurisdiction par le par. 91(27) de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 et over health. Health is an area of concurrent jurisdiction, n'empiete pas sur le contenu essentiel protege de la com- Export PDF which suggests that aspects of physician-assisted dying petence provinciale en matiere de sante. La sante est un may be the subject of valid legislation by both levels of domaine de competence concurrente, ce qui laisse croire government, depending on the circumstances and the que les deux ordres de gouvernement peuvent validement focus of the legislation. On the basis of the record, the legiferer sur des aspects de l'aide medicale a mourir, Adobe Export PDF interjurisdictional immunity claim cannot succeed. en fonction du caractere et de l'objet du texte legislativ. Convert PDF Files to Word Compte tenu du dossier qui a ete soumis a la Cour, la or Excel Online pretention fondee sur l'exclusivite des competences ne peut etre retenue. Select PDF File Insofar as they prohibit physician-assisted dying for Dans la mesure ou ils prohibernaide d'un medecin competent adults who seek such assistance as a result of a pour mourir que peuvent demander des adultes capables Carter v. ...C CSC5.pdf X grievous and irremediable medical condition that causes affectes de problemes de sante graves et irremediables enduring and intolerable suffering, ss. 241(b) and 14 of qui leur causent des souffrances persistantes et intole- Convert to the Criminal Code deprive these adults of their right to rables, l'al. 241b) et l'art. 14 du Code criminel privent life, liberty and security of the person under s. 7 of the ces adultes du droit a la vie, a la liberte et a la securite Microsoft Word (*.docx) Charter. The right to life is engaged where the law or de la personne que leur garantit l'art. 7 de la Charte. Le state action imposes death or an increased risk of death droit a la vie entre en jeu lorsqu'une mesure ou une loi on a person, either directly or indirectly. Here, the prohi- prise par l'Etat a directement ou indirectement pour ef- Document Language: bition deprives some individuals of life, as it has the ef- fet d'imposer la mort a une personne ou de l'exposer a English (U.S.) Change fect of forcing some individuals to take their own lives un risque accru de mort. En l'espece, la prohibition prive prematurely, for fear that they would be incapable of certaines personnes de la vie car elle a pour effet de for- doing so when they reached the point where suffering was cer certaines personnes a s'enlever prematurement la intolerable. The rights to liberty and security of the per- vie, par crainte d'etre incapables de le faire lorsque leurs son, which deal with concerns about autonomy and qual- souffrances deviendraient insupportables. Les droits a la Convert ity of life, are also engaged. An individual's response to liberte et a la securite de la personne, qui traitent des pre- a grievous and irremediable medical condition is a mat- occupations au sujet de l'autonomie et de la qualite de la ter critical to their dignity and autonomy. The prohibition vie, sont egalement en jeu. La reaction d'une personne a denies people in this situation the right to make decisions des problemes de sante graves et irremediables est pri- concerning their bodily integrity and medical care and mordiale pour sa dignite et son autonomie. La prohibit thus trenches on their liberty. And by leaving them to en- tion prive les personnes se trouvant dans cette situation OF Edit PDF dure intolerable suffering, it impinges on their security of du droit de prendre des decisions relatives a leur integrite the person. corporelle et aux soins medicaux et elle empiete ainsi sur leur liberte. Et en leur laissant subir des souffrances in- Create PDF tolerables, elle empiete sur la securite de leur personne. The prohibition on physician-assisted dying infringes La prohibition de l'aide medicale a mourir porte Comment the right to life, liberty and security of the person in a atteinte au droit a la vie, a la liberte et a la securite de la manner that is not in accordance with the principles of personne d'une maniere non conforme aux principes de fundamental justice. The object of the prohibition is not, justice fondamentale. La prohibition n'a pas pour objet, broadly, to preserve life whatever the circumstances, envisage largement, de preserver la vie peu importe les Create, edit, and e-sign PDF forms but more specifically to protect vulnerable persons from circonstances, mais plus precisement d'empecher que les being induced to commit suicide at a time of weakness. personnes vulnerables soient incitees a se suicider dans & agreements Since a total ban on assisted suicide clearly helps achieve un moment de faiblesse. Puisque la prohibition absolue this object, individuals' rights are not deprived arbitrarily. de l'aide au suicide favorise clairement la realisation However, the prohibition catches people outside the class de cet objet, il n'y a pas privation arbitraire de droits Free 7-Day Trial of protected persons. It follows that the limitation on their individuels. Cependant, la prohibition s'applique a desHome Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In / 68 rights is in at least some cases not connected to the object personnes qui n'entrent pas dans la categorie des per- tive and that the prohibition is thus overbroad. It is unnec sonnes protegees. II s'ensuit que la restriction de leurs Search 'Reduce Size' essary to decide whether the prohibition also violates the droits n'a, dans certains cas du moins, aucun lien avec principle against gross disproportionality. l'objectif et que la portee de la prohibition est de ce fait excessive. II n'est pas necessaire de decider si la prohi- bition contrevient aussi au principe selon lequel elle ne Export PDF doit pas avoir un caractere totalement disproportionne. Having concluded that the prohibition on physician- Comme nous avons conclud que la prohibition de assisted dying violates s. 7, it is unnecessary to consider I'aide medicale a mourir viole l'art. 7, point n'est besoin Adobe Export PDF whether it deprives adults who are physically disabled of d'examiner si elle prive les adultes affectes d'un handi- Convert PDF Files to Word their right to equal treatment under s. 15 of the Charter. cap physique de leur droit a un traitement egal garanti par or Excel Online l'art. 15 de la Charte. Sections 241(b) and 14 of the Criminal Code are not L'alinea 241b) et l'art. 14 du Code criminel ne sont Select PDF File saved by s. 1 of the Charter. While the limit is prescribed pas sauvegardes par application de l'article premier de la by law and the law has a pressing and substantial object Charte. Bien que la limite soit prescrite par une regle de Carter v. ...C CSC5.pdf X tive, the prohibition is not proportionate to the objective. droit et que la loi vise un objectif urgent et reel, la pro- An absolute prohibition on physician-assisted dying is hibition n'est pas proportionnee a son objectif. II existe rationally connected to the goal of protecting the vulner- un lien rationnel entre une prohibition absolue de l'aide Convert to able from taking their life in times of weakness, because medicale a mourir et l'objectif qui consiste a empecher Microsoft Word (*.docx) prohibiting an activity that poses certain risks is a rational que les personnes vulnerables s'enlevent la vie dans un method of curtailing the risks. However, as the trial judge moment de faiblesse, parce que prohibernane activite qui found, the evidence does not support the contention that a pose certains risques constitue un moyen rationnel de Document Language: blanket prohibition is necessary in order to substantially reduire les risques. Toutefois, la juge de premiere ins- English (U.S.) Change meet the government's objective. The trial judge made tance a conclud que la preuve n'etaye pas la pretention no palpable and overriding error in concluding, on the qu'une prohibition generale est necessaire pour realiser basis of evidence from scientists, medical practitioners, de facon substantielle les objectifs de l'Etat. La juge and others who are familiar with end-of-life decision- n'a pas commis une erreur manifeste et dominante en making in Canada and abroad, that a permissive regime concludnt, sur la foi des temoignages de scientificues, Convert with properly designed and administered safeguards was de praticiens de la sante et d'autres personnes qui con- capable of protecting vulnerable people from abuse and naissent bien la prise de decisions concernant la fin de error. It was also open to her to conclude that vulnerability vie au Canada et a l'etranger, qu'un regime permissif can be assessed on an individual basis, using the proce- comportant des garanties adequatement concues et appli- dures that physicians apply in their assessment of in- quees pouvait proteger les personnes vulnerables contre formed consent and decisional capacity in the context of les abus et les erreurs. Elle pouvait egalement conclue OF Edit PDF medical decision-making more generally. The absolute que la vulnerabilite peut etre evaluee au cas par cas au prohibition is therefore not minimally impairing. Given moyen des procedures suivies par les medecins lorsqu'ils this conclusion, it is not necessary to weigh the impacts evaluent le consentement eclaire et la capacite decision- Create PDF of the law on protected rights against the beneficial effect nelle dans le contexte de la prise de decisions d'ordre of the law in terms of the greater public good. medical de facon plus generale. La prohibition absolue ne constitue donc pas une atteinte minimale. Compte Comment tenu de cette conclusion, il n'est pas necessaire de mettre en balance l'incidence de la loi sur les droits proteges et 'effet benefique de la loi au plan de l'interet superieur du public. Create, edit, and e-sign PDF forms The appropriate remedy is not to grant a free-standing La reparation appropriee consiste non pas a accorder & agreements constitutional exemption, but rather to issue a declaration une exemption constitutionnelle autonome, mais plutot a of invalidity and to suspend it for 12 months. Nothing prononcer une declaration d'invalidite et de suspendre la in this declaration would compel physicians to provide prise d'effet de son application pendant 12 mois. Rien Free 7-Day Trial assistance in dying. The Charter rights of patients and dans cette declaration ne contraindrait les medecins aHome Tools Carter v. Canada... (? Sign In 7 / 68 physicians will need to be reconciled in any legislative dispenser une aide medicale a mourir. La reponse legis- Search 'Reduce Size' and regulatory response to this judgment. lative ou reglementaire au present jugement devra con- cilier les droits garantis par la Charte aux patients et aux medecins. Export PDF The appellants are entitled to an award of special costs Les appelants ont droit a des depens speciaux sur la on a full indemnity basis to cover the entire expense of base de l'indemnisation integrale afin de couvrir la tota- bringing this case before the courts. A court may depart lite des depenses engagees pour porter cette affaire de- from the usual rule on costs and award special costs vant les tribunaux. Un tribunal peut deroger a la regle Adobe Export PDF where two criteria are met. First, the case must involve habituelle en matiere de depens et octroyer des depens Convert PDF Files to Word matters of public interest that are truly exceptional. It is speciaux lorsque deux criteres sont respectes. Premie- not enough that the issues raised have not been previously rement, l'affaire doit porter sur des questions d'interet or Excel Online resolved or that they transcend individual interests of public veritablement exceptionnelles. II ne suffit pas que the successful litigant: they must also have a significant les questions soulevees n'aient pas encore ete tranchees Select PDF File and widespread societal impact. Second, in addition to ou qu'elles depassent le cadre des interets du plaideur qui showing that they have no personal, proprietary or pecu- a gain de cause : elles doivent aussi avoir une incidence Carter v. ...C CSC5.pdf X niary interest in the litigation that would justify the pro- importante et generalisee sur la societe. Deuxiemement, ceedings on economic grounds, the plaintiffs must show en plus de demontrer qu'ils n'ont dans le litige aucun in- Convert to that it would not have been possible to effectively pursue teret personnel, proprietal ou pecuniaire qui justifierait the litigation in question with private funding. Finally, I'instance pour des raisons d'ordre economique, les de- Microsoft Word (*.docx) only those costs that are shown to be reasonable and pru- mandeurs doivent demontrer qu'il n'aurait pas ete pos- dent will be covered by the award of special costs. Here, sible de poursuivre I'instance en question avec une aide Document Language: the trial judge did not err in awarding special costs in financiere privee. Enfin, seuls les frais dont on etablit the truly exceptional circumstances of this case. It was e caractere raisonnable et prudent seront couverts par English (U.S.) Change also open to her to award 10 percent of the costs against I'octroi de depens speciaux. En l'espece, la juge de pre- the Attorney General of British Columbia in light of the miere instance n'a pas commis une erreur en adjugeant full and active role it played in the proceedings. The trial des depens speciaux dans les circonstances vraiment ex- judge was in the best position to determine the role taken ceptionnelles de cette affaire. Elle pouvait egalement con- by that Attorney General and the extent to which it shared damner la procureure generale de la Colombie-Britannique Convert carriage of the case. a payer 10 pour 100 des depens puisque cette derniere avait participe pleinement et activement a l'instance. La juge etait la mieux placee pour apprecier la participation de la procureure generale et la mesure dans laquelle celle- ci a partage la responsability du dossier. OF Edit PDF Cases Cited Jurisprudence Distinguished: Rodriguez v. British Columbia (At- Distinction d'avec l'arret : Rodriguez c. Colombie- Create PDF torney General), [1993] 3 S.C.R. 519; applied: Canada Britannique (Procureur general), [1993] 3 R.C.S. 519; (Attorney General) v. Bedford, 2013 SCC 72, [2013] 3 arret applique : Canada (Procureur general) c. Bedford, S.C.R. 1101; disapproved: Victoria (City) v. Adams, 2013 CSC 72, [2013] 3 R.C.S. 1101; arret critique : Vic- Comment 2009 BCCA 563, 100 B.C.L.R. (4th) 28; referred to: toria (City) c. Adams, 2009 BCCA 563, 100 B.C.L.R. Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702 (1997); Vacco (4th) 28; arrets mentionnes : Washington c. Glucksberg, v. Quill, 521 U.S. 793 (1997); Pretty v. United Kingdom, 521 U.S. 702 (1997); Vacco c. Quill, 521 U.S. 793 (1997); No. 2346/02, ECHR 2002-III; Fleming v. Ireland, [2013] Pretty c. Royaume-Uni, no 2346/02, CEDH 2002-III; ESC 19; R. (on the application of Nicklinson) v. Ministry Fleming c. Ireland, [2013] IESC 19; R. (on the applica- Create, edit, and e-sign PDF forms of Justice, [2014] UKSC 38, [2014] 3 All E.R. 843; Al- tion of Nicklinson) c. Ministry of Justice, [2014] UKSC & agreements berta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony, 2009 SCC 38, [2014] 3 All E.R. 843; Alberta c. Hutterian Brethren 37, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 567; R. v. Ferguson, 2008 SCC 6, of Wilson Colony, 2009 CSC 37, [2009] 2 R.C.S. 567; [2008] 1 S.C.R. 96; Ontario (Attorney General) v. Fraser, R. C. Ferguson, 2008 CSC 6, [2008] 1 R.C.S. 96; Onta- Free 7-Day Trial 2011 SCC 20, [201 1] 2 S.C.R. 3; Canadian Western Bank rio (Procureur general) c. Fraser, 2011 CSC 20, [2011] v. Alberta, 2007 SCC 22, [2007] 2 S.C.R. 3; Tsilhqot'in 2 R.C.S. 3; Banque canadienne de l'Quest c. Alberta

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