Horizon Insurance (HI) was a full-service regional insurance agency that has done all the printing and publishing of its own promotional brochures, newsletters, informational pamphlets, and required regulatory reports. Linda Wolfe, the business manager of the agency, had for some time thought that the firm might save money and get equally good services by contracting the publishing work G-Art Inc. She asked G-Art Inc. to give her a quote at the same time she asked Bob Myer her controller to prepare an up-to-date statement of the cost of operating Horizons publishing department.

Within a few days, the quote from G-Art Inc. arrived. The firm was prepared to provide all the required publications work for $ 410,000 a year with the contract running a guaranteed term of 4 years with annual renewals thereafter. If the estimated number or assumed mix of publications changed in any given year beyond the baseline planning estimates, the contract price would be adjusted accordingly. Wolfe compared G-Arts quote with the internal cost figures prepared by Myer:

Table 1; Annual cost of operating HIs publications department: Myers figures.

Materials $40,000

Labor $290,000

Department overhead

Managers salary $48,000

Allocated cost of office space $10,000

Depreciation of equipment $32,500

Other expenses (travel, education, ect.) $25,000

$115,500

$445,500

Share of company administrative overhead $30,000

Total cost of department for year $475,000

Wolfes initial conclusion was to close Horizons publications department and immediately sign the contact offered by G-Art. However, she felt it prudent to give the manager of the department, George Richards, an opportunity to question that tentative conclusion. She called him in and put the facts before him, while at the same time making it clear that Richards own job at the agency was not in jeopardy.

Richard came up with the following to keep in mind before his department was closed:

For instance, what will you do with the customed graphic design and printing equipment? It cost $260,000 four years ago, but youd be lucky if you got $80,000 for it now, even though we had planned on using it for another four years at least. Andthen there is the sizable supply of print materials that includes a lot of specialized ink, specialty card stock, paper, envelopes ect. We bought the custom supplies a year ago when we were pretty flush with cash. At that time it cost us about 125,000 and at the rate we are using it now, it will last us another four years. We used up about one-fifth of it last year. As best as I an tell, Myers figure of $40,000 for materials includes about $25,000 for these customized sipplies and $15,000 for generic supplies we use on a regular basis. If we were to buy these custom supplies today it would probably cost us 110% of what we paid for it. But if we try to sell it, we would probably get only 60% of what we paid for it.

Wolf thought that Myer ought to be present during this discussion. She called him in and put Richards points to him. Myer said:

If we are going to have all of this talk about what will happen if dont forget the problem of space were faced with. Were paying 12,000 a year in outside office space. If we close Richards department we could use of the freed-up space as office space and not need to rent it on the outside.

Wolfe replied:

Thats a good point, though I must say Im a bit worried about the people if we close the publications department. I dont think we can find room for any of them elsewhere in the firm. I could see whether G-rt can take any of them, but some of them are getting odler. Theres Walters and Hines, for example. Theyve been with us since they left school 40 years ago, and I think their contract requires us to give them a total severance payoff of about $60,000 each, payable in equal amounts over four years.

Richards showed some relief at this. But I still dont like Myers figures he said. What about the $30,000 for general administrative overhead. You surely dont expect to fire anyone in the corporate office if Im closed, do you?

Probably not said Myer, but someone has to pay for those costs. We cant ignore them when we look at an individual department, because fi we do that with each department in turn, we will convince ourselves that accountants, laywers, vice presidents, and the like dont have to be paid for. And they do, believe me

Exhibit I The Horizon Insurance Agency Worksheet CASH Savings CASH Total Co(Higher Cost) CASH Total Cost with G-Art Contract Inside Outside Material: Generic Supplies Custom Supplies 15,000 25,000 These are already paid for Labor: Wages Severance (per 290,000 Overhead: Manager's salary Office space (allocated Office rental 48,000 10,000 Allocated- Cost incurred with either option-unavoidable 32,500 25,000 30,000 475,500 410,000 Non-cash item Other Share of general and administrative Total G-Art Contract Allocated-Cost ineurred with either option-unavoidable Net Difference - Cash 65,500 $ Gain or Loss? Total Sales Price Gain Time L Cash Based Income Effect Before Tax Total Cash Flows over Period PV @ 10% NPV Accept or Reject? DECISON