1. How are we affected by inconsiderate and/or considerate behavior of others? (Choose one or both options)
2. Include at least two ideas from the reading. (causes of modern incivility) see picture

68 PART 1: SK'ILL DEVELOPMENT Here is an other example of cause/ effect writing: Causes of Modern lncivility other people's behaviour is nothing new in any society. hose times, people were concerned that people point to such phenomena garity on television to make their Complaining about Ancient Greek writings show that even int teenagers were disrespectful and impolite Today. as road rage. the lack of formal manners. and vul claim that incivillty is on the rise. Whether people are in fact ruder today than before is debatable. However, changes in technology. politics. and society in the late twentieth century have influenced human behaviour. making people less considerate of others. The use of new technologies such as computers is the most obvious influence on behaviour. While technology does open up new ways of communicating with our fellow beings. it also cuts us off from real human interaction. It is much easier to be rude sitting in a car or at a keyboard than it is facetofacer in road rage incidents, aggression and violence escalate between drivers. acts ranging from cutting other drivers off to obscene gestures to even physical confrontation between drivers who get out of their cars to fight, Psychologists say people feel dehumanized in their vehicles and therefore freer to act aggressively. Similarly, Internet users can send angry. obscene messages because they feel anonymous and not responsible for their actions. Another problem is that new gadgets usually come into widespread use before the social rules for using them can develop. Cellphones offer convenience but also intrude on public space as people talk loudly on their phones in restaurants and let them ring in the middle of a lecture. Sometimes the use of a technology affects behaviour in other situations. People used to chatting with their family while they watch a movie at home sometimes behave the same way in a theatre. Technology has also sped up our world. making us less considerate of others. With instantaneous communication possible. people do not take the time to reflect on their words. Moreover. this hurryup world causes stress. People have a lot of information to digest and deal with-and little time to do it. Thus. it is not surprising that the courtesies people generally pay each other have fallen by the wayside. The late twentieth century also brought a political shift that indicates a change in attitude that fosters selshness. The right-wing conservative viewpoint preaches lower taxes. fewer social programs. and the rightful dominance of the marketplace. This is. in effect. an everyman-for-himself philosophy. People have to be ruthless to succeed. and they cannot consider others\" welfare. Consequently. they behave inconsiderately. The emphasis on individual needs has many manifestations in behaviour. The 19805 was called the "me\" decade. Education became childcentred. and self~esteern ts and teachers were encouraged to praise children so that they could grow up to be confident and content; even poor results were given good marks for effort. However, this overemphasis on self-esteem resulted in a false sense of entitlement. People educated in this way may think too highly of themselves and may figure that they deserve special treatmentr that what they want is more important than anyone else's needs. in addition. deference to authority is less than it used to be. In traditional families. ideal children were those who were seen but not heard. because parental authority was promoted. Paren UNIT 6'. RHETORICAL SKlLLS was absolute, Not only do present-day parents get less respect, but other authority figures, such as doctors, politicians, supervisors, and teachers, are also frequently challenged, Some of this is due to the media revealing the weaknesses of such figures. This lessening ofdeference to authority can be positive because it leads to such actions as questioning doctors and not just accepting everything they say, but it has also led to increased lncivility, as protesters smack cream pies into the faces of prime ministers and teachers are harassed. The media can, of course, be blamed for some of this rudeness and vulgarity. Bad behaviour gets featured on the newswhether it be politicians heckling each other in Question Period. hockey players beating each other to a pulp, or drunken celebrities landing in jail. People get a taste of fame and want to hold onto it. They crave the publicityieven if it is negative. Reality television stars find their i5 minutes of fame is not enough and cook up media stunts, such as pretending a child is aloft in a balloon, to extend the media coverage. While we pretend to be horrified, it is our appetite for celebrity news that feeds the paparazzi and schlockTV. Although we can find many reasons why people behave with less consideration for others today, we should not be too quick to conclude that society today is uncivil. We have to recognize other truths. First, social rules are cultural. As our world brings people with different values together, some adjustments have to be made, leading to new standards of behaviour. We must also be careful to distinguish between casual and rude. A few decades ago, people dressed up to go on an airplane trip and never called an older person by a first name. Does this mean a decline of civility or merely a more relaxed style of behaviour? Finally, our society has made improvements in the way we treat those who have lesser status. Overt racism is less accepted today, and we makefewer class distinctions. Women are no longer considered the possessions of their husbands and relatives. in those respects, we can say modern behaviour is better. The Language of Cause and Effect Here are some words and expressions used to show cause/effect relationships: Causes because, since, as, for, to result from, to be the result of, due to, due to the fact that, because of, the effect of, the consequence of, as a result of, as a consequence of, one reason that, caused by, attributed to, on account of, owing to Effects so, as a result, as a consequence, therefore, thus, consequently, hence, to result in, to cause, to have an effect on, to affect, the cause of, the reason for, thereby, cause of Watch out for the different prepositions used. Art is :1 transitive verb [it has an object). so there is no preposition afterwards; however, the preposition an often follows the noun e'ect. Both in and from can follow the verb result, but the noun result is generally followed by of. Because is followed by a clause; because qfis followed by a noun Or a noun phrase