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How do coevolutionary dynamics between species, mediated by reciprocal adaptations, antagonistic interactions, and mutualistic symbioses, drive the arms race between hosts and parasites, predators and

  1. How do coevolutionary dynamics between species, mediated by reciprocal adaptations, antagonistic interactions, and mutualistic symbioses, drive the arms race between hosts and parasites, predators and prey, and competitors within ecological communities, leading to the emergence of complex adaptive systems ?  

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