How do the following factors shift the demand for labour or the supply of labour curve? Also indicate what would happen to the equilibrium wage rate and equilibrium quantity of labour. (Assume everything else is constant in each case). (2 marks each)

a. The price of product X that these workers are producing increases.

b. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, workers are not able to come to Canada for work.

c. Workers now enjoy more leisure hours.

d. Capital becomes cheaper and labour and capital are substitutes.