How do you do longhand

(a) Identify the claim and state Ho and Ha .

(b) Find the critical value(s) and identify the rejection region(s).

(c) Calculate d-bar and s d .

(d) Use the t-test to find the standardized test statistic t.

(e) Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis.

A company wants to determine whether its consumer product ratings (U-10) have changed from last year to this year. The table below shows the company's product ratings from eight consumers for last year and this year. At of=0.05, is there enough evidence to conclude that the ratings have changed? Assume the samples are random and dependent, and the population is normally distributed. Complete parts (a) through (f). Consumer 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rating (last year) 5 6 6 4 6 8 6 6 Rating (this year) 5 7 5 6 6 9 5 5 (a) Identify the claim and state Ho and Ha. The claim is "The product ratings have from last year to this year."