How does the electoral system for France$$s parliament limit the influence of minor parties?

a$.$

Each electoral district elects only a single representative, so minor parties must receive the most votes to win the seat.

b$.$

The ballots have two rounds, so mainstream and less ideological parties often win more votes in the second round.

c$.$

Minor parties can rarely raise enough money to get their message to the public.

d$.$

Minor parties must reregister with the state every year and pay a substantial fee in order to be recognized as an official party.

e$.$

Minor parties rarely make it on the ballot due to restrictive ballot access laws.