"How does the integration of principles from thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena contribute to the theoretical foundation of chemical engineering? Explore how these concepts form the basis for understanding reaction mechanisms, designing chemical processes, and optimizing reactor systems. Additionally, discuss the role of mathematical modeling in predicting the behavior of chemical systems at various scales, from molecular interactions to industrial processes. Furthermore, consider the application of principles such as mass and energy balances in ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of chemical processes, emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of chemical engineering theory in addressing complex industrial challenges."