How does the market for medical education differ from other markets?

a.Medical schools operate inefficiently (high cost) and require too many years of a student's time.

b.The method used to finance medical education (subsidized tuition) is inequitable, large subsidies go to students from high-income families.

c.Before taking licensing exams, students must first graduate from approved medical schools, this prevents competition from more efficient firms that do not meet the accrediting criteria.

d.All of the above.