How much would you have to invest today to receive: Use Appendix B and Appendix D. (Round "PV Factor" to 3 decimal places. Round the final answers to the nearest whole dollar.)

a. $15,600 in 5 years at 9 percent?

Present value $

b. $20,250 in 16 years at 8 percent?

Present value $

c. $8,200 each year for 20 years at 6 percent?

Present value $

d. $7,000 each year, at the beginning, for 31 years at 6 percent?

Present value $

e. $67,000 each year for 30 years at 7 percent?

Present value $

f. $67,000 each year for 31 years, at the beginning, at 7 percent?

Present value $