How much would you have to invest today to receive the following? Use Appendix B or Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. $13,500 in 10 years at 11 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

b. $17,250 in 16 years at 14 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

c. $6,900 each year for 19 years at 9 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

d. $46,000 each year for 25 years at 13 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)