How much would you have to invest today to receive the following? Use Appendix B or Appendix D for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.

a. $14,200 in 6 years at 11 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

b. $18,500 in 14 years at 10 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

c. $7,500 each year for 15 years at 9 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

d. $50,000 each year for 30 years at 12 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)