How much would you have to invest today to receive: $($Use a Financial calculator to arrive at the answers. Round the final answers to the nearest whole dollar.$)$

a$.$ $$15,000$ in $10$ years at $11$ percent?

Present value $

b$.$ $$19,500$ in $17$ years at $12$ percent?

Present value $

c$.$ $$7,900$ each year for $19$ years at $14$ percent?

Present value $

d$.$ $$9,500$ each year, at the beginning, for $50$ years at $11$ percent?

Present value $

e$.$ $$64,000$ each year for $50$ years at $9$ percent?

Present value $

f$.$ $$64,000$ each year for $50$ years, at the beginning, at $9$ percent?

Present value $