How would each of the following shift the Consumption and Saving curves? Circle the direction and provide a brief reason for the shift.

a. Real estate values appreciate:Consumption |Saving |

b. Households increase their borrowing:Consumption |Saving |

c. Stock prices plummet:Consumption |Saving |

d. Higher real interest rates:Consumption |Saving |

e. General expectation of an impending expansion:Consumption |Saving |