Howie is teaching a class on clinical diagnoses and decides to give an essay exam asking the students to describe symptoms of certain diagnoses discussed in class. He does not develop model answers or a rubric to score the answers. What is the main issue with Howie's test?

He gave little effort to establish the content validity of the test.

None of the answers are correct.

His test is too general.

He gave little effort to develop a scoring system for the test.