hypotheticalstudycarriedoutbyMalhausenUniversityexaminedtherelationshipbetweenphysicalinactivityandheartdisease.Theysampled100individualswithheartdiseaseand100individualswithoutheartdisease.Amongthosewithheartdisease,theyfoundthat40hadlessthan60minutesofmoderatephysicalactivityoverthepreviousweek,30hadbetween60and150minutes,and30hadatleast150minutes.Amongthosewithoutheartdisease,theyfoundthat15hadlessthan60minutes,30hadbetween60and150minutes,and55hadatleast150minutes. The table below displays the (fabricated) data for this hypothetical study. Physical activity was categorized as the following:

Low: <60 min activity/week

Medium: Between 60 to <150 minutes of activity/week

High: 150 minutes or more of exercise per week

Physicalactivity	Heartdisease	Noheartdisease	Total
Low	40	15	55
Medium	30	30	60
High	30	55	85
Total	100	100	200

1. Whattypeofstudydesignisthis? Please explain your answer, and address the following points:

• What were the exposure and the outcome?
• Were comparison groups formed based on exposure or outcome?
• When did the outcome occur, relative to the beginning of the study?

1. Writeoutanullandalternativehypothesisfortheresearchquestionthatthisstudyisinvestigating.

1. Fill inthefollowingtable withthecounts ineachcellthat wouldbeexpectedif thenullhypothesisfrompart(b)weretrue(giventhe row totals and columntotals).

Physicalactivity	Heartdisease	Noheartdisease	Total
Low			55
Medium			60
High			85
Total	100	100	200

1. Doyoubelievethereisanassociationbetweenphysicalactivityandheartdisease?Runanappropriatestatisticaltest(withaTypeIerrorrateof0.05)andreport the p-value andyour statistical and scientificconclusions.Thestatisticaltestthatyourunshouldalignwiththehypothesesyoustatedinpart(b).