I am completing a homework assignment. Week 5 of BUSI 820 for Liberty University.

Note: Due to an issue with one of the data points not being available in the dataset we had to choose another data point, so there is not going to be a simple answer to pull from this question from previous students.

Below is the question I'm answering, the Chi-square IBM SPSS data I pulled, and then my interpretation below that.

I'm not sure how to interpret the significance of the following:

1) Under Chi-square tests: the Pearson Chi Square of 38.638, the likelihood ratio of 49.589, or the Linear-by-Linear Association of 25.432.

2) Under Symmetric measures: the Phi of .888, or Cramer's V of .888 with an approximate significance of <.001.

Can you help me understand how to interpret these, or understand their meaning in context of interpreting for this question? Thanks!

A.4.7.1.a. Run crosstabs and interpret the results of chi-square and phi (or Cramer's V), as discussed in Chapter 7 and in the interpretation of Output 7.1.

Figure 1. Have children and marital status

Case Processing Summary
	Cases
Valid	Missing	Total
N	Percent	N	Percent	N	Percent
marital status * does subject have children	49	98.0%	1	2.0%	50	100.0%

marital status * does subject have children Crosstabulation
	does subject have children	Total
no	yes
marital status	single	Count	20	0	20
Expected Count	9.4	10.6	20.0
% within does subject have children	87.0%	0.0%	40.8%
married	Count	1	17	18
Expected Count	8.4	9.6	18.0
% within does subject have children	4.3%	65.4%	36.7%
divorced	Count	2	9	11
Expected Count	5.2	5.8	11.0
% within does subject have children	8.7%	34.6%	22.4%
Total	Count	23	26	49
Expected Count	23.0	26.0	49.0
% within does subject have children	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%

Chi-Square Tests
	Value	df	Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square	38.638a	2	<.001
Likelihood Ratio	49.589	2	<.001
Linear-by-Linear Association	25.432	1	<.001
N of Valid Cases	49
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.16.

Symmetric Measures
	Value	Approximate Significance
Nominal by Nominal	Phi	.888	<.001
Cramer's V	.888	<.001
N of Valid Cases	49

4.7.1.b Interpret the Results for Having Children and Marital Status

To investigate the relationship between participants with them being married and having or not having children, a chi-square statistic was conducted (Morgan et al., 2020). Figure 1 first shows the processing summary, a cross-tabulation, the chi-square tests, and symmetric measures (Morgan et al., 2020). The case processing summary shows that there were fifty participants, with one missing response, so 98% responding (Morgan et al., 2020). The cross tabulation showed that three categories: single, married and divorced; there were 20 single participants with 0 having children, and 20 not having children; there were 18 married participants with 17 having children, and 1 not having children; and there were 11 divorced participants with 9 having children and 2 not having children (Morgan et al., 2020). There was a large difference between the count and the expected count: for single all 20 participants had no children and the expected count was closer to an even split; the married participants, which had 17 of the 18 participants having children, and an expected count of a closer even split again; and divorced participants, which had 9 participants with children, and 2 without, but the expected count again was closer to an even split (Morgan et al., 2020). The study showed a definite relationship between being married or having been married and having children and being single and not having children (Morgan et al., 2020). The chi-square test found that 0 cells had expected counts less than 5, which is good as it shows that the conditions were met to use chi-square.