I am interested in investigating the effects of regular administration of metformin on blood sugar levels (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1C) in obese marmoset monkeys. I measure HbA1C (mg/dL of blood) in 10 obese marmosets before exposure to metformin and again after 3 months of regular metformin administration.

animal	hba1c.before	hba1c.after
1	5.45	4.75
2	5.37	3.61
3	4.98	3.78
4	5.06	4.39
5	6.12	5.51
6	7.01	4.32
7	4.33	3.8
8	5.21	4.25
9	6.7	3.99
10	5.62	4.78

Perform the appropriate test in R commander or R using the following functions:

setwd()

read.csv()

attach()

binom.test() *for a binomial test

fisher.test() *for a fisher exact test

t.test() *for a t-test

1. What is the resulting p-value?

2. Given the p-value obtained from the analysis conducted, what can we conclude from the results of the analysis? Choose the correct answer.

A. We reject the null hypothesis, the treatment did not affect the observed HbA₁C levels

B. We reject the null hypothesis, the treatment significantly reduced the observed HbA₁C levels

C. We fail to reject the null hypothesis, the treatment did not affect the observed HbA₁C levels

D. We fail to reject the null hypothesis, the treatment significantly reduced the observed HbA₁C levels