I am working on Manufacturing cost flows/ Job costing and journal entries. I have attached a photo of the two tasks I'm working on.

For number 1 (Question 4): - Why do they use beginning balance when calculating completion of any jobs during January, but for none of the other journal entries?

In the second task attached (4.22) you are asked to prepare "ledger accounts to show the flow of costs through the company's manufacturing accounts during the year. In the solution for this task they include ingoing balance for both Raw Materials, WIP and finished goods. - How should you know when to include ingoing balance in the journal entries? And for a task such as "4", how should you know to include it for finished goods, but nowhere else?

Q4:

4.22 - Manufacturing Cost Flows Furniture company incurred the following costs during the year: smoo moo Man-Jamming overhead spoiled 1806.100 Product costing 120 000 were finished Product costing 132 000 were sold on credit for 195 000 There were no purchases of raw material during the year. The balances in the rm's inventory account at the beginning of the year were as follows: soon moo 1. Prepare ledger accounts to show the ow of costs through the company's manufacturing accounts during the year. Question 4 Garcia Manufacturing uses a job order costing system and applies overhead to production on the basis of direct labour hours. In 2013, costs and production data were estimated to remain the same as 2012 with total manufacturing overhead costs estimated to be $1,050,000, direct labour costs estimated to be $35 an hour, and direct labour hours to be 20,000. On January 1, 20 13, Job No. 50 was the only job in process. The production data incurred prior to January 1 on this job were as follows: direct materials - $20,000 and direct labour 320 hours. As of January 1, 2013, Job No. 49 had been completed and was part of the nished goods inventory. The production data for this job were as follows: direct materials - $30,000 and direct labour 600 hours. There was also a $15,000 balance in the Raw Materials Inventory account on January 1. During the month of January, Garcia Manufacturing began production on Jobs 51 and 52, and completed Jobs 50 and 51. Jobs 49 and 50 were also sold during the month for $122,000 and $158,000, respectively. The following additional costs incurred during January: 0 Purchased additional raw materials of $90,000 0 Incurred manufacturing overhead costs as follows: indirect materials - $17,000; indirect labour - $15,000; depreciation expenses - $19,000; and electricity - $20,000. Direct materials and direct labour were assigned to jobs during January as follows: Job No. Direct Materials Direct Labour hours Required: a] Calculate the predetermined overhead rate for 2013 for Garcia Manufacturing [2 marks] b] Prepare journal entries for the following: 1] The purchase of raw materials and manufacturing overhead costs incurred 2] The assignment of direct materials, direct labour, and manufacturing overhead to production during January 3) Completion of any jobs during January 4-) Sale of any jobs during January 3} Jobs 50 and 51 were completed during January: Job no. 50 Beginning balance: Direct Materials Direct Labour Manufacturing Overhead January: Direct Materials Direct Labour Manufacturing Overhead Total Job no. 51 January: Direct Materials Direct Labour Manufacturing Overhead Total Finished Goods Inventory Work in Process Inventory $20,000 $11,200 (320 x 535) $15,300 (320 x $52.50) $10,000 5 4,900 (140 x $35} 5 7,350 (140 x $52.50} $70,250 5 39,000 5 25,200 (720 x $35} 5 37,300 (720 x $52.50) $102,000 172,250 172,250 4} Jobs 49 and 50 were sold in January Job No. 49 Beginning balance: Direct Materials Direct Labour Manufacturing Overhead Total Accounts Receivable ($122,000 + $158,000) Sales Cost of Goods Sold {$82,500 + $70,250) Finished Goods Inventory $30,000 $21,000 (600 x 535) 531,500 (500 x $52.50) $32,500 280,000 280,000 152,750 152,750 1) Raw Materials Inventory 90,000 Accounts Payable 90,000 Manufacturing Overhead 71,000 Raw Materials Inventory (indirect mat.) 17,000 Wages Payable (indirect labour) 15,000 Accumulated Depreciation 19,000 Accounts payable (electricity) 20,000 2) Work in Process Inventory 205,000 Raw Material Inventory ($10,000 + $39,000 + $30,000) 79,000 Wages Payable ((140 + 720 + 580) x $35) 50,400 Manufacturing Overhead ((140 + 720 + 580) x 552.50) 75,600