I can't quite figure this out?

Q2) Paired-Samples tTest (11 points)

A research project has been tracking the health and cognitive functions of the elderly population in Arizona. The table below shows the memory test scores from some elderly residents, tested first when they were 70 years old and again when they were 80 years old. The researcher wants to know if there is a significant decline in memory functions from age 70 to age 80 based on this sample. In other words, it is hypothesized that the memory score at age 80 is significantly lower than the memory score at age 70. So the null and alternative hypotheses should be directional. The alpha level was set at = .05 for a one-tailed hypothesis test.

	Memory score
Subject	Age 70	Age 80
1	63	57
2	51	48
3	59	52
4	62	62
5	53	58
6	54	50
7	64	53
8	53	54
9	56	52
10	51	46

Q2a. Identify the dependent variable (this is the outcome measure) and the independent variable (this is what differentiates the two groups of data points being compared).(1 point total: .5 for DV, .5 for IV)

Q2b. Explain why a paired-samples ttest is appropriate for answering this research question. (.5 point)

Q2c. What would be the null and alternative hypotheses in both words and symbol notations? (1 point total: .5 for each hypothesis. Both the written form an the symbol notation need to be correct to get the .5 point for a hypothesis)

	Written	Symbolic Symbol bank for copy & pasting: =<>m
Null		H0:
Alternative		H1:

Q2d. Calculate the difference score by subtracting each "Age 70" score from the associated "Age 80" score for each subject. Fill in the column in the table below for "difference score." (1 point total: deduct .5 for each error up to 1 point.)

Hint: The difference score is calculated as (age 80 minus age 70), so a negative number indicates a decline in memory performance, which is the researcher's hypothesis.

Subject	Difference score (Age 80 - Age 70)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Q2e. Calculate the mean from the sample of difference scores. Round the result to the hundredth (2^nd place to the right of the decimal).(1 point total: .5 if process is correct but answer is wrong)

Q2f. Estimate the standard deviation of the population of difference scores. Round the result to the hundredth (2^nd place to the right of the decimal).(1 point total: .5 if process is correct but answer is wrong)

Q2g. Calculate the standard error (standard deviation of the sampling distribution). Round the result to the hundredth (2^nd place to the right of the decimal).(1 point total: .5 if process is correct but answer is wrong)

Q2h. Calculate the t statistic for the sample of difference scores. Round the result to the thousandth (3^rd place to the right of the decimal).(1 point total: .5 if process is correct but answer is wrong)

Q2i. Figure out the degree of freedom, and then determine the critical tvalue(s) based on the type of test and the preset alpha level. (1 point total: .5 for df, .5 for critical t value)

Q2j. Compare the t statistic with the critical t value. Is the calculated tstatistic more extreme or less extreme than the critical tvalue? Then make a decision about the hypothesis test, stating explicitly "reject" or "fail to reject" accordingly. (1 point total: .5 for each answer)

Q2k. Interpret the result in 1 sentence to answer the research question (you may use the wording from the hypothesis or explain it in your own words) (.5 point)

Q2l. Calculate the standardized effect size of this hypothesis test. Round the result to the hundredth (2^nd place to the right of the decimal).(1 point: .5 if process is correct but answer is wrong)