I$)$Given that s is sending $12$ Mbps to d$,$ what is the expected load $($in Mbps$)$ on the link

between $2$ and d$?$

II$)$The link between $2$ and d suddenly breaks. During the convergence, can a forwarding

loop including router $1$ and router $3$ be formed? Explain your reasoning. Feel free to

draw directly on Figure $4$

III$)$Instead of a sudden failure, consider that the link between node $2$ and d has to be shut

down for maintenance. Describe a procedure that you could apply before the maintenance

in order to prevent transient loops.Where does the traffic go$?$

We consider the network in Figure $4$ where each router runs OSPF and performs per$-$packet

load balancing. Concretely, whenever a router knows several shortest paths to a destination,

it chooses one randomly for each packet going to that destination, irrespectively of the flow

the packet belongs to$.$ In this task, we focus on the traflic from $s$ to $d.$

Abbildung $4$: Topology with $5$ nodes. Link costs are symmetric.