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I just really need help in answering these three questions assuming the experiment was done and the speaker made a buzzing sound 4 Alien Attack!

image text in transcribedimage text in transcribedimage text in transcribedI just really need help in answering these three questions assuming the experiment was done and the speaker made a buzzing sound

4 Alien Attack! Multivibrator Next, we will modify our non-inverting op-amp circuit so that it generates an audible fre- quency. Briefly, when air molecules swing at a frequency between 20Hz to 20kHz, your ears convert these vibrations into neural events in your brain. Therefore, the energy becomes audible, creating the percept of sound. To generate a frequency inside the audible range, we will deploy a new trick (without tracking through the circuit arithmetic): By applying a positive feedback loop onto our op- amp, we will force the op-amp to continuously oscillate between two states: 1) a high Vout and 2) a low Vout. The result is a square wave time series, like the one in the figure below (Fig. 9): oor ourn 1/(RC) 2/(KRC) 3/(KRC) Time Figure 9: Multivibrators have a characteristic on/off output signal with a frequency of This kind of circuit is called multivibrator. It switches between on and off, on and off, on and off, etc. Since this response pattern is caused by a positive feedback loop, this is also referred to as a stable multivibrator. This circuit resonates at a frequency of a RC as you are about to verify, where R and C are the resistance and capacitance between ut and vout, respectively. Meet a new protagonist: the potentiometer, called pot for short. Potentiometer + T wowe Figure 10: Here is the schematic for the multivibrator circuit we are going to use. A potentiometer has three terminals. The total resistance between the two outer termi- nals always equals the nominal resistance of the pot (here: 10k12. The resistance between each outer terminal and the middle terminal depends on how you position the knob. Thus, a potentiometer can be used either as a voltage divider (by using all three terminals and treating the middle terminal as the node between two resistors in series) or as a variable resistor (by using only one outer plus the middle terminal, ignoring the second outer termi- nal). You can read more here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer Assemble the circuit in Figure 10 by adding one pot (easiest if the knob points toward the outside) and one 0.1F capacitance (plus jumper wires) to your circuit. Your circuit should look somewhat like this one. 2. If you did it right, your circuit is about to generate some sound (make sure that it doesn't bother the people around you). Plug the black battery snap cable into a GND rail. 3. Now turn the knob on the pot (all the way down, all the way up). What do you expect to hear? What do you hear? Comment on it. Snap a photo for your lab report. 4. Disconnect the battery (unplug the black wire). Replace Ry with the 109 resistor. Turn the knob on the pot again. What do you expect to hear? What do you hear? Comment on it. Snap a photo for your lab report. 5. Disconnect the battery (unplug the black wire). Replace R again with the 10k12 resistor. Remove the 0.1uF and replace it with a 10uF. Turn the knob on the pot again. What do you expect to hear? What do you hear? Comment on it. Snap a photo for your lab report. 4 Alien Attack! Multivibrator Next, we will modify our non-inverting op-amp circuit so that it generates an audible fre- quency. Briefly, when air molecules swing at a frequency between 20Hz to 20kHz, your ears convert these vibrations into neural events in your brain. Therefore, the energy becomes audible, creating the percept of sound. To generate a frequency inside the audible range, we will deploy a new trick (without tracking through the circuit arithmetic): By applying a positive feedback loop onto our op- amp, we will force the op-amp to continuously oscillate between two states: 1) a high Vout and 2) a low Vout. The result is a square wave time series, like the one in the figure below (Fig. 9): oor ourn 1/(RC) 2/(KRC) 3/(KRC) Time Figure 9: Multivibrators have a characteristic on/off output signal with a frequency of This kind of circuit is called multivibrator. It switches between on and off, on and off, on and off, etc. Since this response pattern is caused by a positive feedback loop, this is also referred to as a stable multivibrator. This circuit resonates at a frequency of a RC as you are about to verify, where R and C are the resistance and capacitance between ut and vout, respectively. Meet a new protagonist: the potentiometer, called pot for short. Potentiometer + T wowe Figure 10: Here is the schematic for the multivibrator circuit we are going to use. A potentiometer has three terminals. The total resistance between the two outer termi- nals always equals the nominal resistance of the pot (here: 10k12. The resistance between each outer terminal and the middle terminal depends on how you position the knob. Thus, a potentiometer can be used either as a voltage divider (by using all three terminals and treating the middle terminal as the node between two resistors in series) or as a variable resistor (by using only one outer plus the middle terminal, ignoring the second outer termi- nal). You can read more here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer Assemble the circuit in Figure 10 by adding one pot (easiest if the knob points toward the outside) and one 0.1F capacitance (plus jumper wires) to your circuit. Your circuit should look somewhat like this one. 2. If you did it right, your circuit is about to generate some sound (make sure that it doesn't bother the people around you). Plug the black battery snap cable into a GND rail. 3. Now turn the knob on the pot (all the way down, all the way up). What do you expect to hear? What do you hear? Comment on it. Snap a photo for your lab report. 4. Disconnect the battery (unplug the black wire). Replace Ry with the 109 resistor. Turn the knob on the pot again. What do you expect to hear? What do you hear? Comment on it. Snap a photo for your lab report. 5. Disconnect the battery (unplug the black wire). Replace R again with the 10k12 resistor. Remove the 0.1uF and replace it with a 10uF. Turn the knob on the pot again. What do you expect to hear? What do you hear? Comment on it. Snap a photo for your lab report

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