I need help for these 10 simple theortical accounting questions from the textbook - "Loftus, J., Leo, K., Picker, R., Wise, V. And K. Clark, 2013. Understanding Australian Accounting Standards, 1st ed, Wiley." Please help in providing model solutions. Thank you.

Question Loftus Chapter 2 Application of Accounting Theory, Comprehension question 14 Bonus plans are used to reduce agency problems between managers and shareholders. Discuss two of these problems specific to the relationship between shareholders and managers and identify how bonus plans can be used to reduce the agency problems you have identified. In your answer you should provide examples of specific components that may be included in a bonus plan to address the issues identified. Question Loftus Chapter 2 Application of Accounting Theory, Comprehension question 13 Linking managerial remuneration to entity performance motivates managers to act in the interests of shareholders. However, it also burdens managers with greater risks than they may like. How do entities balance these two considerations in management remuneration plans? Question Loftus Chapter 4 Fair Value Measurement, p. 124 Exercises 4.10 Ernst & Young (2005, p.8) made the following statement: Nevertheless, the path the standardsetters have chosen is one where big swings in balance sheet and income statement numbers are inevitable. As a consequence, users of financial reports will need clear distinctions to be made between objective and subjective figures, between realised gains and losses, gains and losses based on real market process, and gains and losses based on hypothetical calculations. Required: Discuss how AASB 13 attempts to overcome these issues when providing information to users of financial reports. Question Loftus Chapter 4 Fair Value Measurement, p. 123 Exercises 4.7 Emily Chasan (2008) reported: 'It's ridiculous to apply fair value accounting to assets that have no market', said Christopher Whalen, managing director of risk research firm Institutional Risk Analytics. 'All this volatility we now have in financial reporting and disclosure, it's just absolute madness'. 'Investors as a group have to get a better understanding of what the volatility means', said Ed Nusbaum, chief executive of accounting firm Grant Thornton. 'They want to live in a perfect world. They'd like complete transparency and no surprises. But I think it's unlikely that the big write downs that we've seen will reverse'. Required: Discuss the issues associated with fair value accounting for assets without an active market. Question Loftus Chapter 8 Financial Instruments, Comprehension question 2 Discuss why the standard setters first set rules on presentation and disclosure of financial instruments before tackling recognition and measurement. Do you think the earlier creation of AASB 132 assisted in the development of AASB 139? Give reasons for your answer. Question Loftus Chapter 15 Intangible Assets, p. 516 Exercise 15.4 Salmon's Ltd's research and development section has come up with an idea for a project on using cane toad poison for medicinal purposes. The board of directors of Salmon Ltd believes that the project has promise and could lead to future profits for the firm. The project is, however, very expensive and needs approval from the board. The company's chief financial officer, Mr Pink, has expressed concern that the profits of the firm have not been strong in recent years and he does not want to see research and development costs charged as expenses to the profit or loss. Mr Pink has proposed that Salmon Ltd should hire an outside firm, Tuna Ltd, to undertake the work and obtain the patent. Salmon Ltd could then acquire the patent from Tuna Ltd, with no effect on the profit or loss of Salmon Ltd. Required: Discuss whether Mr Pink's proposal is a sound idea, particularly in relation to the effect on the profit or loss of Salmon Ltd. Question Loftus Chapter 15 Intangible Assets, p. 517 Exercise 15.8 Wayne Upton (2001, p.71) in his discussion of the lives of intangible assets notes that the formula for CocaCola has grown more valuable over time, not less, and that Sir David Tweedie, former chairman of the IASB, jokes that the brand name of his favourite Scotch whisky is older than the United States of America - and, in Sir David's view, the formula for Scotch whisky has contributed more to the sum of human happiness. Required: Outline the accounting for brands under AASB 138, and discuss the difficulties for standard setters in allowing the recognition of all brands and formulas on statements of financial position. Question Earnings management Explain what is meant by the term 'earnings management'. Outline why earnings management is important to shareholders and investors. To what extent can accounting policy choice be used to manage earnings? Provide examples in your answer. Question Corporate governance \"Providing corporate governance information and disclosures about directors' and executives' remuneration is just a 'box ticking' exercise and does not provide useful information.\" Explain what is meant by this statement. Discuss the extent to which you agree (or disagree) with the statement. Include examples in your answer. Question Corporate social responsibility reporting Explain why companies provide corporate social responsibility reports (also called sustainability or environmental reports). Discuss the extent to which providing these reports is consistent with legitimacy theory