I need help with implementing A5/1 stream cipher in R programming. I understand the theoretical concept of it, but do not know how to program it. Can someone walk me through an example of doing this algorithm in R programming? I'm new to R so please keep it simple thank you. I have to follow the steps below.

1. Find the 8 bit binary number for the following characters: A, t, @, 17, 9, & [hint: use binary() in package compositions].

2. Find the decimal numbers for the following: "00010110", "00011101", "01011011", "01100101", "00001010", "01100100".

3. For the seed: "MHID9870" a) Create the UTF8 encoding. b) Create the 8 bit binary form for the results of a). c) Split the strings into individual bits. d) Unlist the result of c). e) Put the results of d) into one integer vector.

4. Fill three variables x, y, and z with the results of 3 such that x gets the first 19, y gets the next 22, and z gets the last 23 bits. Initialize an integer vector k of length 128.

5. Find the majority value for x[9], y[11] and z[11].

6. Write code for the following: if x steps then shift x to the right by 1 bit. Next assign the appropriate value to x[1]. Do the same for y and z.

7. Create key stream bit by XOR-in the appropriate bits from x, y, and z vectors.

8. Write a function for the above and create a 128 bit key stream with the seed mentioned in question 3. You function should contain two parameters: a seed and a key length.

I have already completed steps 1-4.

install.packages('compositions')

library(compositions)

utf8ToInt('A')

binary(65, mb=7)

utf8ToInt('t')

binary(116, mb=7)

utf8ToInt('@')

binary(64, mb=7)

binary(17, mb=7)

binary(9, mb=7)

utf8ToInt('&')

binary(38, mb=7)

unbinary('00010110')

unbinary('00011101')

unbinary('01011011')

unbinary('01100101')

unbinary('00001010')

unbinary('01100100')

VEC <- utf8ToInt('MHID9870')

BIN <- binary(VEC, mb=7)

BIN

splitting0 <- strsplit(BIN, "")

splitting0

CHAR0 <- unlist(strsplit(BIN, ""))

CHAR0

xr <- as.integer(c(CHAR0))

x <- xr[1:19]

x

y <- xr[20:41]

y

z <- xr[21:64]

z

k <- vector(mode='integer', length = 128)

k