I need help with my lab's data table

R1-9.8, R2-30.7, R3-99.03

V1-33.4

V2-32.5

Lab-10A (LK) Kirchhoff's Rules Objective 1. Learn to build up a complicated circuit by using two DC power supplies and three resistors. 2. Experimentally demonstrate Kirchhoff's Rules for the circuit. Equipment 1 EM-8656 AD/DC Electronics Lab 2 PS-321 1 Wireless Voltage sensor 3 PS-3212 Wireless Current sensor 4 |SE-8829 Student Multimeter 5 2 Batteries 6 Wires and Resistors R1 R 10 0 33 0 100 0 4.2 6 10 8 Theory Simple electric circuits, normally with a single voltage source, can usually be solved by reduction schemes: replacing parallel and series combinations with their equivalent resistance. A complicated circuit that is neither parallel nor series requires more powerful methods. Kirchhoff's rules give a simple approach to solve these type of circuits. Kirchhoff's rules comprise of the (1) junction rule: states that the current(s) entering a junction [node) equals the current(s] leaving the junction, and the (2) loop rule: states that the voltage drops across each circuit element around a closed circuit path sum up to zero. Junction Rule: (U R Loop Rule: for Loop ABCDA VI - IR1 - 13R3 = 0 (2) D F Loop Rule: Loop CDEFC V1 - 12R2 - 13R3 = 0 (3) Figure 1 Procedures A. Build the circuit as shown in Figure 1 using Pasco AD/DC Electronics Lab. B. Capstone Software and checking the circuit connection. C. Data collection and calculationsUsing Pasco AD/DC Electronics Lab to build circuits: The names of each spring connector in the circuit board are shown in Figure 2. In the rectangular areas of Figure 2. the springs are connected in pairs, oriented perpendicular to each other and named C and $. In a given rectangular area, the two springs should be treated equally in circuit connection. For example, connecting to C1 means connecting to $1 also. Therefore the names CI and $1 are interchangeable in the following circuit build procedures. Similarly for C2 and $2. LCI WIT NO. Pushbutton switch LC2 Component spuring Battery Holder 82 $1 $2 53 54 C1 Jacks ISMe seemmore EMWNACOC ELECTRONICS LABORATORY Figure 2: definition of the names of each spring connector Procedure A: Build a circuit as shown in Figure 1 using Pasco AD/DC Electronics Lab 1. Select three resistors and measure and record their resistances. Label them R,, R2, and R;- Select resistors that are in the range of 4.0 Q to 100.0 Q. 2. Check Battery and put two batteries into the Battery Holder. Use the multimeter to check the values of each battery (battery-1 across B1 and B2; and battery-2 across B3 and B4). The value of each battery should be close to 1.5V. The B2 wire should connect to B3 (two batteries connected together], and record the DC voltage between B1 and B2 (label as v, ) and the DC voltage between B1 and B4 (label as V, ) in the data table. 3. Build the circuit: 3.1. B4 wire connects to $5 $2 54 3.2. B1 wire connects to $7 C4 3.3. B2 wire connects to $8 3.4. C2 wire connects to C4 R1 R3 3.5. Cl wire connects to C2 C5 C7 CB 3.6. C6 wire connects to C7 57 18 3.7. $1 R, connects to $5 3.8. $4 R2 connects to 58 84 BZ 3.9. $2 R, connects to $6 Figure 3: Circuit connections on circuit Board.4. Compare Figure 1 to Figure 3: Loop A-B-C-D-A in the Figure 1 corresponds to the path $5-$1-$2-56- $7-$5 in Figure 3; Loop A-D-E-F-A in the Figure 1 corresponds to the path $8-$4-52-$6-57-$8 5. The local current /, direction in the Figure 1 corresponds to $5 - $1- $2 in Figure 3; the local current /2 direction in the Figure 1 corresponds to $8 - $4 - $2 in Figure 3; and the local current ; direction in the Figure 1 corresponds to $2 - $6 - $7 in Figure 3. 6. When measuring the current (by disconnecting the wire between two spring connectors and inserting the current sensor between the two spring connectors), you should follow the current's local direction to connect the two wires of the current sensor to the two spring connectors. That is, current moves into the Sensor's Red color (+ polarity) wire and moves out of its Black color (- polarity) wire. 7. When measuring the voltage across certain circuit elements (by parallel connecting to voltage sensor across the circuit element), you should follow the current local direction to connect the two wires of the voltage sensor and the two spring connectors across the local circuit element. That is, the sensor's red color (+ polarity) wire connects to the higher potential of the spring connector. while it's black color [- polarity) wire connects to the lower potential of the spring connector. According to the local current direction, you can find the higher/lower potential point (the local current points to the potential drop direction]. Procedure B: Capstone Software and checking the circuit connection. 1 Check whether the total number of wires and resistors in your circuit is 9. If it is not, please check procedure A3 [the wire between B2 and B3 does not count). 2 Use the multimeter's "voltage function" to measure the voltage across $5 and $7 and voltage across $8 and $7. Verify these values equal to V, and V2. 3 Disconnect the two DC sources (remove the wire between 84 and $5; and the wire between B2 and $8). Use the multimeter's "resistance function" to measure the total resistance between $5 and 57, it should be R, + Ry. And measure the total resistance between $7 and $8, if should be Ry + R3. 4 Verify step 3. If your total resistance does not match, please check Procedure A3 connections. Do not move to the next steps until the verification of step 3 is passed. 5 Reconnect two DC sources (connect the wire between B4 and $5; and the wire between B2 and 58). 6 Disconnect the wire between C1 and C2, Insert current sensor between $1 and $2, the sensor will give the current (7,) passing the resistor R) - Refer to Procedure A5 and A6 to connect the current sensor. Follow the current local direction to connect the two wires of the current sensor and the two spring connectors. That is, current moves into the sensor's red color (+ polarity) wire (spring connector $1) and moves out of its black color [- polarity) wire (spring connector $2). 7 Parallel connect the voltage sensor across resistor R, (across $5 and $1). the sensor will give the voltage (AV,) across the resistors R) - Refer to Procedure A5 and A7 to connect the voltage sensor. That is, according to the local current direction, the sensor's red color (+ polarity) wire connects to the higher potential spring connector ($5). While it's black color (- polarity) wire connects to the lower potential spring connector ($1). 8 Capstone Software and Sensors: 8.1. Turn on the Capstone software. Press the power button on the wireless voltage sensor and Wireless current sensor. The red LED should start blinking. The voltage/current sensor is now ready to connect via Bluetooth. 38.2. In the "Tools Palette" (on left side of screen) click on "Hardware Setup". This will open the hardware palette. Select the Bluetooth symbol. You should see the voltage/current sensor that is visible to Bluetooth to the computer. Select the sensor. Make sure its ID is the same as on the sensor. 8.3. Click "Hardware Setup" once again. This will close the hardware palette. 8.4. As the hardware palette closes, the display palette opens up. Double click the "Table" on the up-right corner to open a table with two columns. On the left column of the table page, set the "Select Measurement" os current; and on the right column of the Table page, set the "Select Measurement" as voltage. 8.5. At the bottom-lower left of the screen is the "RECORD' button. Once you click it, the system will start recording the current and voltage on the Table page. It will stop recording when clicked a second time. Click the "E" icon to get the current and voltage average (mean] values. Procedure C: Data collection and calculations 1. Data collection (for R]) 1.1. Refer to Procedure B step 6 and 7. click the "RECORD' button. Wait about one second, click the button again to stop recording. 1.2. Input the current and voltage average values in the data table. 1.3. On the Capstone table page, enter the "Table title here" as "R-1 data". Take a screenshot of the Capstone data table, and submit it during the lab time. 1.4. Use your camera to take an image of your measurement setup. The image should show the voltage and current sensors, which have the Bluetooth ID. Submit the image during the lab time. 2. Data collection (for R2) 2.1. Remove the voltage sensor and the voltage sensor from the circuit. 2.2. Reconnect CI and C2 by o wire. 2.3. Disconnect the wire between C2 and C4. 2.4. Insert current sensor between $4 and $2, the sensor will give the current (12) passing resistor R2. Refer to Procedure A5 and A6 to connect the current sensor. 2.5. Parallel connect voltage sensor across resistor Ry (across $8 and $4), the sensor will give the voltage (AV,) across resistor Ry. Refer to Procedure A5 and A7 to connect the voltage sensor. 2.6. Open a new page on the Capstone, and open a table, name the "Table title" as "R2 data". 2.7. Click the 'RECORD' button. Wait about one second, click the button again to stop recording. Input the current and voltage average values in the data table. 3. Data collection (for R3) 3.1. Remove the current sensor and the voltage sensor from the circuit. 3.2. Reconnect C2 and C4 by a wire. 3.3. Disconnect the wire between C6 and C7. 3.4. Insert the current sensor between $6 and $7, the sensor will give the current (3) passing through resistor Ra. Refer to Procedure A5 and A6 to connect the current sensor.3.5. Parallel connect the voltage sensor across resistor Ry (across $2 and $6), the sensor will give the voltage (AV;) across resistor R3. Refer to Procedure A5 and A7 to connect the voltage sensor. 3.6. Open a new page on the Capstone, and open a table, name the "Table title" as "R3 data". 3.7. Click the "RECORD" button. Wait about a few second, click the button again to stop recording. Input the current and voltage average values in the data table. 4. Using the values of the resistances and battery voltages, calculate the currents . I, and Is by using Kirchhoff's Rules. Use the same notation and directions of the currents as used in Figure 1. 5. Use the calculated currents to calculate the potential difference across each resistor by using Ohm's Law. 6. Calculate the percent errors in the calculated and measured values of the currents and voltages. Check to see if Kirchhoff's Junction rule and Loop Rules are verified. Mathematical calculation tips: You may follow the following procedures to calculate the currents ,. /, and ; in the procedure C4: 1. Reduce three variables ,. I, and ; in the equation 1, 2, and 3 into two variables by submitting equation 1 into equation 2 and 3. You should have: (R) + Ra) + Ralz = Vi Rah + (R2 + Ra)lz = V2 2. Define: _ RI + Ra D=" R 3 | R3 Rat R. = (R1 + R3) (R2 + R3) - R] DI= V RatR = Vi(R2 + Ry ) - VER3 R3 Do = Mith3 V = Vz(R, + Ra) - VIR3 3. Then you can solve h. and /z by the following equations: ol. 12 = - Example: Given R, = 10.0 0, Ry = 33.0 0, Ry = 100 0, V, = 3.00 V. V, = 1.50 V. Input these values into above equations, you can get , = 0.0538 A = 53.8 mA and /2 = -0.0292 A = -29.2 mA.DATASHEET: KIRCHHOFF'S RULES V = V. = CURRENT VOLTAGE RESISTANCE CALCULATED MEASURED CALCULATED MEASURED To ERROR ERROR R = R= = R= =SAMPLE DATA V1 = 3.18 V= = 1.59 CURRENT VOLTAGE RESISTANCE CALCULATED MEASURED CALCULATED ERROR MEASURED % ERROR R. = 9.90 Q 0.0538 A 0.055 A 2.1% 0.545 V 0.573 V 5.0% R= = 32.9 Q RE = 99.1