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2 1 2 222 Fundamentals of total quality management 16.4 CONCLUSION In section 16.1 of the chapter we asked the question 'what is leadership in relation to quality?' and we concluded that the answers to this question are not so easily agreed upon and vary considerably from author to author and from manager to manager. Even if a common definition of leadership is not easily agreed upon there is one lesson which is very clear (Juran, 1989): The most decisive factor in the competition for quality leadership is the rate of quality improvement.' In this chapter we have presented a new (dynamic) model of leadership (Figure 16.1) which we called a PDCA Leadership Model. The elements of the model are linked together by using the most widespread model for quality improvements: the PDCA cycle also called the Deming cycle. The Model has been used to compare survey data from manufacturing companies in nine different countries. We recommend that the results of this comparative study could be used for benchmarking purposes where the data from the countries with the highest rate of quality improvements may be used as benchmarks. When doing this our PDCA Model for leadership may be an easy and effective model for managers to follow when they really try to institute leadership according to Deming's point 2. Further, it has been shown that quality motivation is very important for modern business management. Without proper quality motivation it will be difficult for any organization to implement Total Quality Management. For development of the motivation it is essential to fulfil the leadership role and to have real commitment by the top management of the organization. The evidence in this study indicates that in order to motivate people within an organization the leadership must consider job rotation as one of the most important management strategies. In conclusion we feel that this study has demonstrated that QC circles, i.e. teamwork, are regarded as the most successful approach for the systematic development of human motivation in Japan, Korea and Taiwan