1. Identify a problem within the workplace or nursing profession.
2. Apply a formal Decision-Making or Problem-Solving Model, following each step of the model to decide on the best approach to address the problem.
   1. Traditional Problem-Solving Process
   2. Nursing Process (adapted for leadership and management problems)
   3. Integrated Ethical Problem-Solving Model
   4. Managerial Decision-Making Model
3. Specify whether a maximizing or satisfying solution is necessary.