Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

1) A poll of 1068 adult Americans reveals that 48% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim that at least half of all voters prefer the Democrat.

2) According to a recent poll, 53% of Americans would vote for the incumbent president. If a random sample of 100 people results in 45% who would vote for the incumbent, test the claim that the actual percentage is 53%. Use a 0.10 significance level.

3) An article in a journal reports that 34% of American fathers take no responsibility for child care. A researcher claims that the figure is higher for fathers in the town of Littleton. A random sample of 234 fathers from Littleton yielded 96 who did not help with child care. Test the researcher's claim at the 0.05 significance level.

4) A supplier of digital memory cards claims that no more than 1% of the cards are defective. In a random sample of 600 memory cards, it is found that 3% are defective, but the supplier claims that this is only a sample fluctuation. At the 0.01 level of significance, test the supplier's claim that no more than 1% are defective.