If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs $($investment bankers' fees$)$ should not be ignored. There are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. The first approach is

to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. Because the investment cost is increased, the project's

expected rate of return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. The second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as

follows:

Cost of equity from new stock $=r_e=\frac{D_1}{P_0(1-F)}+g$

The difference between the flotation$-$adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment.

Quantitative Problem: Barton Industries expects next year's annual dividend, $D_1,$ to be $$2\mathrm{.}10$ and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate $g=4\mathrm{.}7\%.$ The firm's current

common stock price, $P_0,$ is $$20\mathrm{.}00.$ If it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a $4\mathrm{.}3\%$ flotation cost, $F.$ What is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added

its cost of retained earnings? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places.

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What is the cost of new common equity considering the estimate made from the three estimation methodologies? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two

decimal places.

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