If a project is expected to have a higher than average risk, what input into the NPV formula could be changed to account for this? In other words, what can you change to calculate a more conservative estimate for NPV$?$

$\backslash$table$[[$a$),\backslash$table$[[$Increase the number of periods for the project $($assume the project is expected to have positive cash$],[$flows in later years$).]]],[$b$),$Increase the I$/$Y$\%$ for the duration of the project.$],[$c$),$Shift the expected cash inflows from the project from Year $4$ to Year $2.],[$d$),$Decrease the initial cash outlay at the start of the project.$]]$