If Citigroup (one of the largest banks in the world and where I worked) makes loans to an Italian corporation in Euros, which would they benefit the most from a weaker or stronger US$ (with regard to the Italian loans)?

Briefly discuss how an increase in the value of the US Dollar could impact a US investor with significant foreign investments.

Briefly discuss how a decrease in the value of the US Dollar could impact a foreign investor with significant US investments.

Briefly discuss how a decrease in the value of the US Dollar could impact a US-based manufacturer that sells its products internationally.

Briefly discuss how a decrease in the value of the US Dollar could impact a foreign-based manufacturer that sells its products in the US.

Today the exchange rate is 1.0422 Canadian Dollars per US$. Last year, the exchange rate was 1.1304 Canadian Dollars per US$. Has the US$ strengthened or weakened relative to the Canadian Dollar over the last year?