If the tendency toward self-actualization is innate, why are not more adults self-actualized? Maslow estimated that only 1 percent are. He offered four basic explanations for this low number.

1. Self-actualization is at the top of the motivational hierarchy. This makes it the weakest of all needs and the most easily impeded.

2. Maslow identified the Jonah complex as another obstacle to self-actualization. We fear and doubt our own abilities and potentialities. To become self-actualized, one must have enough courage to sacrifice safety for personal growth.

3. The cultural environment may also stifle self-actualization by imposing certain norms on significant segments of the population.

4. Childhood experiences may inhibit personal growth. Maslow observed that children from warm, secure, friendly homes are more likely to choose experiences that lead to personal growth. Excessive control and coddling are obviously harmful but so is extreme permissiveness. Too much freedom in childhood can lead to anxiety and insecurity, which can prevent further growth. Maslow called for "freedom within limits" in which there is the right mixture of permissiveness and regulation.

Does self-actualization look the same for everyone? Why or why not?

Do you think self-actualization should be a goal for everyone? Why or why not?

Use what you have learned this week about personality to support your response.