If you use the constant dividend growth model to value a stock, which of the following is certain to cause you to decrease your estimate of the current value of the stock?

• Decreasing the required rate of return for the stock.

• Increasing the estimate of the amount of next year's dividend.

• Increasing the firm's long run growth rate.

• Decreasing the rate of inflation in the economy.

• all of the above

• none of the above